4. Introduction to tissue for human physiology .pptx

introduction to tissue for human physiology

1. Title: Tissues: Definition, Classification, Structure & Functions Subtitle: Epithelial, Connective, Muscular, Nervous, Bone & Cartilage Dr. Sm Faysal Bellah , Associate Professor, Pharmacy Department Bangladesh University, Dhaka B.Pharm Hon’s(KU), M.Phil.(DU) PhD.(USTC, China)

2. TISSUE Tissue is defined as the group of cells having similar function . There are many types of tissues in the body. All the tissues are classified into four major types which are called the primary tissues . The primary tissues include: 1. Muscle tissue (skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle) 2 . Nervous tissue (neurons and supporting cells) 3 . Epithelial tissue (squamous, columnar and cuboidal epithelial cells) 4. Connective tissue (connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone and blood).

3. What is a Tissue ? Definition: Group of cells with similar structure and function, working together. Four Primary Types: Epithelial Connective Muscular Nervous Specialized Tissues: Bone & Cartilage (subtypes of connective tissue). EPITHELIAL TISSUE Epithelial Tissue - Overview Definition: Covers body surfaces, lines cavities/organs, forms glands. Key Features: Tightly packed cells, minimal extracellular matrix. Avascular (no blood vessels). Basement membrane for support. Functions: Protection, absorption, secretion, sensation.

4. Type Example Distribution Simple Single layer Lungs (alveoli), Kidneys Stratified Multiple layers Skin, Esophagus Pseudostratified False layers Trachea Classification & Distribution Classification by Shape: Squamous (flat), Cuboidal (cube-like), Columnar (tall). Classification by Layers: Epithelial Tissue Minute Structure & Functions Microscopic Structure: Apical surface (may have cilia/microvilli), basal lamina. Functions: Simple Squamous: Diffusion (e.g., blood vessels). Stratified Squamous: Protection (e.g., skin). Columnar: Absorption/secretion (e.g., intestines).

5. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Definition : Supports/binds organs, stores energy, immune defense. Key Features: Cells scattered in extracellular matrix (fibers + ground substance). Vascular (except cartilage). Functions: Structural support, transport, protection. Classification & Distribution Classification: Loose (areolar, adipose, reticular). Dense (regular, irregular). Specialized (blood, bone, cartilage). Distribution: Adipose: Under skin, around organs. Dense Regular: Tendons, ligaments.

6. Minute Structure & Functions Matrix Components: Fibers: Collagen (strength), Elastin (flexibility), Reticular (support). Cell Types: Fibroblasts, adipocytes, macrophages. Functions: Adipose: Energy storage, insulation. Blood: Transport O₂, nutrients, waste. MUSCULAR TISSUE Muscular Tissue - Overview Definition: Specialized for contraction. Key Features: Excitable, contractile, extensible. Functions: Movement (locomotion, peristalsis), heat production.

7. Type Control Location Skeletal Voluntary Attached to bones Cardiac Involuntary Heart Smooth Involuntary GI tract, blood vessels Classification & Distribution Three Types: Minute Structure & Functions Microscopic Structure: Skeletal: Long, striated, multinucleated. Cardiac: Branched, striated, intercalated discs. Smooth: Spindle-shaped, non-striated. Functions: Skeletal: Body movement. Cardiac: Pumps blood. Smooth: Peristalsis, vasoconstriction.

8. NERVOUS TISSUE Definition : Transmits electrical impulses. Key Features: Neurons + neuroglia (support cells). Functions: Communication, coordination, sensory processing. Classification & Distribution Neuron Types: Sensory (afferent), Motor (efferent), Interneurons. Distribution: Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves.

9. Minute Structure & Functions Neuron Structure: Cell body, dendrites (receive signals), axon (sends signals). Neuroglia: Support, insulation (e.g., oligodendrocytes , Schwann cells). Functions: Rapid signal transmission, information processing. BONE & CARTILAGE Bone Tissue Definition: Mineralized connective tissue. Structure: Cells: Osteoblasts (build), osteocytes (maintain), osteoclasts (break down). Matrix: Collagen + calcium phosphate (hardness). Functions: Support, protection, mineral storage, hematopoiesis.

10. Type Location Function Hyaline Trachea, nose, joints Smooth surface for movement Elastic Ear, epiglottis Flexibility Fibrocartilage Intervertebral discs Shock absorption Cartilage Tissue Definition: Flexible, avascular connective tissue. Types & Distribution: Summary Epithelial: Barrier/absorption. Connective: Support/storage. Muscular: Movement. Nervous: Communication. Bone/Cartilage: Structural integrity.

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