4-Methods-of-Qualitative-Research -.pptx

research method

1. Methods of Qualitative Research METHODS OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH An Overview of Key Approaches

2. Introduction to Qualitative Research Qualitative research is a method of inquiry that seeks to understand and interpret human experiences, behaviors, and social phenomena through the collection and analysis of non-numerical data such as interviews, observations, texts, and visual materials. It focuses on the meaning, context, and subjective perspectives of participants, aiming to generate rich, in-depth insights rather than statistical generalizations.

3. Introduction to Qualitative Research Definition: Focuses on understanding meaning, experience, and perspectives. Emphasis: Non-numerical data like text, audio, and video. Goals: Explore concepts, generate theories, understand social phenomena.

4. Key Characteristics Open-ended data collection Subjective interpretation Contextual understanding Small, purposeful samples

5. Common Methods Overview Interviews Focus Groups Ethnography Case Studies Observation Content Analysis Narrative Research Grounded Theory Interviews One-on-one conversations Structured, semi-structured, or unstructured Allows deep exploration of individual perspectives Focus Groups Group discussions guided by a moderator Interaction-based data Useful for understanding group dynamics and shared views Ethnography Immersive observation in participants’ natural settings Originates from anthropology Long-term engagement and field notes Case Studies In-depth analysis of a single case or a few cases Context-rich insights Can involve multiple data sources

6. Common Methods Overview Interviews Focus Groups Ethnography Case Studies Observation Content Analysis Narrative Research Grounded Theory Observations Non-intrusive watching of behaviors and interactions Participant vs. non-participant observation Field notes and recordings Content Analysis Analyzing text, media, or documents Identifying patterns, themes, and meanings Can be inductive or deductive Narrative Research Focus on personal stories and experiences Analyzes how individuals construct meaning through storytelling Grounded Theory Data collection and analysis occur simultaneously Theory emerges from the data Constant comparison method

7. Data Collection Techniques Audio/video recordings Transcripts Field notes Document review Data Analysis in Qualitative Research Thematic analysis Coding (open, axial, selective) Narrative analysis Grounded theory Strengths of Qualitative Methods Depth and detail Contextual understanding Flexibility and adaptability Limitations Time-consuming Subjectivity and bias Limited generalizability

8. When to Use Qualitative Methods Exploring new or complex topics Understanding "how" and "why" Investigating social and cultural phenomena Choosing the Right Method Depends on research question Consider time, access, ethical concerns Often combines multiple methods (triangulation)

9. Here are several examples of qualitative research in the education sector: Case Study of a School's Inclusion Policy Researchers observe and interview staff, students, and parents to understand how a school implements policies for students with disabilities. Interviews with Teachers on Classroom Management In-depth interviews are conducted with teachers to explore their strategies, challenges, and personal experiences managing student behavior. Focus Groups with High School Students on Curriculum Relevance Groups of students discuss their perceptions of how well the curriculum prepares them for real life, capturing diverse viewpoints. Ethnographic Study of a Bilingual Classroom A researcher spends extended time in a classroom observing interactions and practices to understand how language use affects learning and identity. Narrative Inquiry into the Experiences of First-Generation College Students Students share their personal educational journeys through storytelling, helping researchers understand their challenges and successes.

10. The implications of qualitative research in education are significant, as it provides deep, contextual insights that can shape policy, practice, and understanding in meaningful ways. Here are key implications: Improved Educational Practices By understanding teachers’ and students’ lived experiences, educators can adapt teaching methods to be more responsive and inclusive. Policy Development Qualitative findings can inform policymakers about the real-world impact of educational reforms, especially those affecting marginalized groups. Curriculum Design Insights from students' and teachers’ perspectives help develop curricula that are more relevant, culturally responsive, and engaging.

11. The implications of qualitative research in education……. Professional Development Identifying challenges and best practices through qualitative studies can guide the creation of more effective teacher training programs. Enhanced Student Support Understanding students' emotional, social, and academic experiences can lead to better support systems and mental health interventions. Empowerment of Participant Voices It brings forward voices often ignored in quantitative research, such as those of students, parents, or minority groups, promoting equity and inclusion.

12. References: Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. Denzin , N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.). (2017). The SAGE handbook of qualitative research (5th ed.). Sage Publications. Silverman, D. (2016). Qualitative research (4th ed.). Sage Publications. Bryman , A. (2016). Social research methods (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). Sage Publications. Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (2nd ed.). Jossey -Bass. Gibbs, G. R. (2007). Analyzing qualitative data . Sage Publications. Flick, U. (2018). An introduction to qualitative research (6th ed.). Sage Publications. Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2012). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data (3rd ed.). Sage Publications. Kvale , S. (2007). Doing interviews . Sage Publications.