4 stroke cycle engine operations

This presentation briefly discuss the 4 stroke cycle engine operations.

1. Engine Components and 4 stroke cycle

2. What is Engine? A machine that converts electrical and chemical energy into mechanical energy thru internal combustion.

3. Components of Engine Cylinder Block – is the main structural component of an engine. It supports and helps maintain alignment of internal and external components. The cylinder block is the engine component that consists of the cylinder bore, cooling fins on air cooled engines, valve train components, depending on the engine design.

4. Components of Engine Cylinder Head – is a cast aluminum alloy or cast iron engine component fastened to the end of the cylinder block farthest from the crankshaft. A head gasket is the filler material placed between the cylinder block and cylinder head to seal the combustion chamber. Head gaskets are made from soft metals and graphite layered together.

5. Components of Engine Crankshaft – is an engine component that converts the linear (reciprocating) motion of the piston into rotary motion. The crankshaft is the main rotating component of an engine and its commonly made of ductile iron. Features of crankshaft include the crankpin journal, throw, bearing journals and counterweights

6. Components of Engine Piston and piston rings – a piston is a cylindrical engine component that slides back and forth in the cylinder bore by forces produced during the combustion process. The piston acts as a movable end of the combustion chamber. Pistons are commonly made of a cast aluminum alloy for excellent and lightweight thermal conductivity.

7. Components of Engine Connecting rod – is an engine component that transfers motion from the piston to the crankshaft and functions as a lever arm. Connecting rods are commonly made from cast aluminum alloy and are designed to withstand dynamic stresses from combustion and piston movement. The small end of the connecting rod connects to the piston with a piston pin. The piston pin, or wrist pin, provides a pivot point between the piston and connecting rod. Spring clips, or piston pin locks are used to hold the piston pin in place. The big end of the connecting rod connects to the crankpin journal to provide a pivot point on the crankshaft.

8. Components of Engine Bearings – a bearing is a component used to reduce friction and to maintain clearance between stationary and rotating components of the engine. Bearings, or bearing surfaces are located on the crankshaft, connecting rod, and camshaft and also in the cylinder block.

9. Components of Engine Flywheel - is a cast iron, aluminum, or zinc disk that is mounted at one end of the crankshaft to provide inertia for the engine. Inertia is not a force, it is a property of matter. During the operation of a reciprocating engine, combustion occurs at distinct intervals. The flywheel supplies the inertia required to prevent loss of engine speed and possible stoppage of crankshaft rotation between combustion intervals.

10. Components of Engine Valve Train – the valve train of internal combustion engine includes components required to control the flow of gases into and out of the combustion chamber. This includes valves and related components required to allow the air fuel mixture to enter the combustion chamber, seal the combustion chamber during compression and combustion, and evacuate exhaust gases when combustion is complete.

11. Components of Engine Valves – allow the flow of air-fuel mixture into the cylinder, and the flow of exhaust gases from the cylinder.

12. What is Cycle?

13. It is an event happen repeat themselves In an internal combustion engine there are several cycle happen and these are: Intake stroke Compression stroke Power stroke Exhaust stroke

14. What is stroke?

15. It is a piston movement form TDC to BDC TDC- Top Dead Center BDC- Bottom Dead Center

16. What have you observed?

17. Intake Valve A types of Valve that allows Air & Fuel Mixture to enter the combustion chamber

18. Exhaust Valve A types of valve that allow the burned gasses to go outside the combustion chamber

19. Intake Stroke A stroke where the Air & Fuel Mixture enter the combustion chamber, at this stroke the movement of piston is downward to create a certain vacuum. And the intake valve are open.

20. Compression Stroke A process where the Air and Fuel Mixture is being compressed into smaller space, at this point the movement of piston if upward. And both valves are closed.

21. Power Stroke A stroke where the compressed air & fuel mixture are burned with the used of spark plug, and the movement of piston are downward. This is the start of the second revolution of the cycle

22. Exhaust Stroke A stroke where the piston once again returns to top dead centre while the exhaust valve is open.

23. Piston no. 1 Piston no. 2 Piston no. 3 Piston no. 4 Intake Compression Exhaust Power Compression Power Intake Exhaust Power Exhaust Compression Intake Exhaust Intake Power Compression

24. Quiz 1.1 1. A machine that converts electrical and chemical energy into mechanical energy thru internal combustion. 2. It is an event happen repeat themselves 3. It is a piston movement form TDC to BDC 4. A stroke where the piston once again returns to top dead centre while the exhaust valve is open. 5. A stroke where the compressed air & fuel mixture are burned with the used of spark plug, and the movement of piston are downward. This is the start of the second revolution of the cycle 6. A stroke where the Air & Fuel Mixture enter the combustion chamber, at this stroke the movement of piston is downward to create a certain vacuum. And the intake valve are open. 7. A process where the Air and Fuel Mixture is being compressed into smaller space, at this point the movement of piston if upward. And both valves are closed. 8. A types of Valve that allows Air & Fuel Mixture to enter the combustion chamber. 9. A types of valve that allow the burned gasses to go outside the combustion chamber 10. What is TDC?

25. Task 1.1 4 Stroke Cycle Engine Operation

26. PISTON NO. 1 PISTON NO. 2 PISTON NO. 3 PISTON NO. 4 POWER

27. PISTON NO. 1 PISTON NO. 2 PISTON NO. 3 PISTON NO. 4 INTAKE

28. PISTON NO. 1 PISTON NO. 2 PISTON NO. 3 PISTON NO. 4 EXHAUST

29. PISTON NO. 1 PISTON NO. 2 PISTON NO. 3 PISTON NO. 4 POWER

30. PISTON NO. 1 PISTON NO. 2 PISTON NO. 3 PISTON NO. 4 COMPRESSION