#444444444444444444 biodiversityandevolution.pptx

Name: _____________________________________ Grade & Section: _______ Score: _______
Test 1: Physical Properties or Chemical Properties
Directions: Write PP if it is an example of Physical Properties of Matter and CP if it is an example of Chemical Properties of Matter. Write your answers before each number.
____________1. Reactivity
____________2. Malleability
____________3. Combustibility
____________4. Oxidation
____________5. State of Matter
____________6. Thermal Conductivity
____________7. Ductility
____________8. Flammability
____________9. Density
____________10. Solubility
Test 2: Physical Change or Chemical Change
Directions: Write PC if it is an example of Physical Change of Matter and CM if it is an example of Chemical Change of Matter. Write your answers before each number.
____________1. Solid iced turn into liquid water
____________2. Rotting eggs
____________3. Wood burning
____________4. Butter melted in the hot pan
____________5. Cold pack in first aid kit
____________6. Cooking oil become solid when put into the refrigerator
____________7. Leaves changing color
____________8. Bubbles formed on the spoiling broth
____________9. Cutting of papers using scissors
____________10. Formation of precipitate
TEST 3: FILL IN THE BLANK
1. ______________ is the smallest unit of an element. It consists of a central nucleus surrounded by one or more electrons.
2. ______________ anything that occupies space and has mass.
3. ______________ it is a positively charged particle. It is found within an atomic nucleus.
4. ______________ it is a negatively charged particle. It is located in shells that surround an atom's nucleus.
5. ______________ it is an uncharged particle. It is found within an atomic nucleus.
Name: _____________________________________ Grade & Section: _______ Score: _______
Test 1: Physical Properties or Chemical Properties
Directions: Write PP if it is an example of Physical Properties of Matter and CP if it is an example of Chemical Properties of Matter. Write your answers before each number.
____________1. Reactivity
____________2. Malleability
____________3. Combustibility
____________4. Oxidation
____________5. State of Matter
____________6. Thermal Conductivity
____________7. Ductility
____________8. Flammability
____________9. Density
____________10. Solubility
Test 2: Physical Change or Chemical Change
Directions: Write PC if it is an example of Physical Change of Matter and CM if it is an example of Chemical Change of Matter. Write your answers before each number.
____________1. Solid iced turn into liquid water
____________2. Rotting eggs
____________3. Wood burning
____________4. Butter melted in the hot pan
____________5. Cold pack in first aid kit
____________6. Cooking oil become solid when put into the refrigerator
____________7. Leaves changing color
____________8. Bubbles formed on the spoiling broth
____________9. Cutting of papers using scissors
____________10. Formation of precipitate
TEST 3: FILL IN THE BL

1. B iodiversity and Evolution Causes of Species Extinction QUARTER 1 MODULE 3

2. Important Terms Biodiversity or Biological Diversity sum of all the different species of animals, plants, fungi, and microbial organisms living on Earth, and the variety of habitats in which they live. Extinction the end of existence of a group of organism, caused by their inability to adapt to changing environmental conditions.

3. Species Basic concepts in the classification of organism. In simple term, a single species is a distinct kind of organism with a characteristic, shape, size, behavior, and habitat that remains constant from year to year. An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows.

4. Causes of Species Extinction Deforestation Taking Animals for Profit Hunting and Trapping Overharvesting Destruction of Habitat Pollution Causes of Species Extinction

5. Population is a group of living things within a certain area that are all of the same species Several Different Populations may be found in the community: example: A Jungle Community - has a greater amount of biological diversity than a cornfield. Some Populations may be found in jungle community can be very large in number Have fewer members Why do you think population sizes vary among organisms? 1. Population of Ants 2. Population of Fungi 3. Population of Ferns 1. Population of Tigers 2. Population of Snakes

6. Communities Communities with many different species (a high index of diversity) will be able to withstand environmental changes better than communities with only few species (a low index of diversity) Vacant lots would have low I.D, since there are fewer species distribution. Grass lawn also would have low I.D, Tree would also have low I.D. Communities with many different species have a high I.D Index of Diversity = Number of species x number of runs Number of Trees

7. Measuring Population Density Population Density - is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume; It is frequently applied to living organisms , and particularly to humans . Population can be of the same size, but they may have different densities. Differences in population density may be attributed to many factors: When new members move in or out in an ecosystem The Birth Rate and Death Rate Population Density = number of individuals Size of Area

8. LIMITING FACTORS Anything that limits the size of a population like certain environmental conditions. Limiting Factors keep population from: Increasing in size and Help balance an ecosystem Examples of Limiting Factors : Availability of food 4. Light Temperature Water and 5. Soil Nutrients Living conditions

9. Carrying Capacity The maximum population size an environment can support is called CARRYING CAPACITY If the population size rises above the carrying capacity, organism die because they cannot meet all their needs.

10. Endangered but not Extinct When species, population becomes so low that only few remain, the species is considered ENDANGERED will possibly extinct. In the Philippines, some Terrestrial species like: 1. Tamaraw in Mondoro

11. 2 . Mouse Deer in Palawan

12. 3. Philippine Deer

13. 4. Monkey-eating eagle, and some

14. Aquatic species like; 1. Dugong(manatee) found in Negros, Batangas , and Leyte are in danger of EXTINCTION

15. Dugong( Mantee )

16. Threatened There`s a particular species that declines so fast that it becomes endangered and it is said to be threatened. Ex. A study conducted by field biologists on population size and distribution of Philippine fauna, they reported that as of 1991, 89 species of birds 44 species of mammals & 8 species of reptiles These include also the Philippine Eagle or Monkey-eating Eagle Are internationally threatened

17. EXTINCTION Is the disappearance of a species when the last of its members die. Cause: Changes to habitats, due to increasing population Natural vegetation in the area has been cleared. Concrete structures and other organisms gradually take over the area. Some areas were destroyed by natural disasters or by human activities.

18. Local and Global Issues that contributed to Species Extinction Deforestation - one of the country`s environmental problems is the rapid rate at which trees are cut down. - in the Philippines, the major causes of deforestation are: @ Kaingin Farming @ Illegal Logging @ Conversion of agricultural lands to housing projects @ Forest Fires @ Typhoons

19. Kaingin Farming

20. As a consequence of cutting down trees, the following effects are: Soil erosion Floods Decrease in wildlife resources that will eventually lead to extinction Wildlife Depletion, deforestation is one of the major causes of the disappearance of wildlife species.

21. Dugong (manatee) Philippine Eagle Tarsier

22. Local and Global Issues that contributed to Species Extinction Water Pollution A major problem in lakes, rivers and ponds is EUTROPHICATION – is the process by which a body of water becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients (such as phosphates ) that stimulate the growth of aquatic plant, life usually resulting in the depletion of dissolved oxygen. - it happens when the concentration of organic nutrients that comes from domestic garbage and thrown in bodies of water, increases rapidly.

23. Local and Global Issues that contributed to Species Extinction Effect on Water Pollution: @ mass death of fish (fish kill) - usually happens when there`s an increase in concentration of organic nutrients in bodies of water – this condition causes algal bloom and growth of aquatic plants. When the algae die, they sink to the bottom and the process of decomposition proceeds. This process uses up oxygen and as a result, aquatic animals die due to lack of oxygen . PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) - one class of dangerous chemicals present in water, - toxic waste produced in the making of paints, inks and electrical insulators - fish are unable to excrete PCB on their bodies

24. EUTROPHICATION

25. Local and Global Issues that contributed to Species Extinction PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) -through the process of biological magnification, the PCB becomes concentrated in the body tissues of water organism. Biological Magnification is the build up of pollutants in organism at higher trophic levels in the food chain Other Pollutants found in water are heavy metals: lead, mercury, and cadmium – these metals are come from factories that dump their wastes into rivers or lakes.

26. Local and Global Issues that contributed to Species Extinction Air Pollution cars are the one of the major contributors to air pollution. Pollutants can enter the air as gases, liquids or solids. Cars burn fuel and produce harmful gases: @ carbon dioxide @ nitrogen oxides & @ hydrocarbons

27. Harmful Pollutants found in Air In Metro Manila where a great volume of cars travel each day, smog blankets the area, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons from car exhaust react with water vapour or dust particles and produce new irritating chemicals

28. Greenhouse Effect & Global Warming Greenhouse Effect – is the natural process of warming the Earth. - is a process of trapping of heat by gases in the Earth`s atmosphere. Carbon dioxide acts like a blanket over the Earth, holding in the heat that would otherwise radiate back into space. - but as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, greenhouse effect also intensifies this will lead to global warming. Global Warming - is an increase in the earth`s temperature from the rapid buildup of CO2 and other gases. This in turn, could change the world climate patterns – CLIMATE CHANGE

29. Local and Global Issues that contributed to Species Extinction Destruction of Coastal Resources Coral reefs and Coastal mangrove forest in the Philippines serve as breeding grounds and nurseries of marine fishes. But due to man`s activities, coastal areas are getting destroyed these activities include: @ deforestation, agricultural activities, and mining activities @ dynamite fishing and muro-ami @ coastal areas` conversion to beach resorts, and residential houses @ overharvesting

30. Destruction of Coral Reefs Dynamite Fishing Damaged mangrove areas

31. Local and Global Issues that contributed to Species Extinction Acid Precipitation - commonly known as acid rain. Rainwater is normally acidic, because carbon dioxide is normally present. Other pollutants, mostly sulfur and nitrogen oxides , make rainwater even more acidic, with pH of 5.6 or lower Acid Rain, can be harmful to living things. @ It causes yellowing of leaves of trees and cause leaves to fall. @ Nutrients can be lost from the soil.

32. Acid Rain

33. Human Activities and Overpopulation have cost the most of the environmental problems nowadays. People are beginning to realize that the way they interact with the environment must change to ensure the survival of all living things. This is one of the big challenge to maintain resources needed for survival while ensuring that they will still be available in the future. This is a practice called SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – Means that the rate at which society uses renewable resources does not exceed the rate at which the resources are generated.

34. THANK YOU!!!!