5 levels-of-organization

General Biology| Discussion on the 5 levels of organization (cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism)

(c) Prof (i forgot)

1. 5 Levels of Organization
Pages 524-525

2. 5 Levels of Organization
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ Systems
Organism

3. Cells
•Cells are the smallest
level of organization
in living things.

4. Tissue
•Cells + Cells = Tissue
•There are 4 types of tissue
in your body:
–Connective (bone, blood)
–Nerve
–Epithelial (skin, linings)
–Muscle

5. Organ
•Tissue + Tissue = Organ
•Organs are what we
usually think about when
we think about parts of
the body

6. Organ
•Connective tissue
makes up organs like
the bones, blood
vessels, tendons,
ligaments, etc…

7. Organ
•Nerve Tissue Makes
up organs like the
brain, spinal cord, and
nerves.

8. Organ
•Epithelial Tissue
makes up organs like
the skin, hair, and
fingernails

9. Organ
•Muscle tissue makes
up organs like the
heart, stomach,
kidneys, lungs,
biceps, etc…

10. Organ System
•Organ + Organ =
Organ System
•You have 11 organ
systems in your body.

11. 11 organ systems of the body

12. Organ Systems
•1- Integumentary System
•The integumentary system
is a temperature regulator,
sensory system, and
protects the organism. (first
line of defense.)
•Skin, hair, and fingernails
are some organs that make
up the integumentary
system.

13. Organ Systems
•Integumentary system facts:
–Skin is the largest organ in your
body.
–Skin is 16% of your body
weight
–You completely replace your
skin cells about once per
month.
–About 90% of dust in your
house is dead skin cells.
–Hair is the fastest growing
organ in the body
–Average #s of hairs:
•redheads= 80,000
•Brown/black = 100,000
•Blondes = 120,000
–Fingernails grow faster during
the summer and on your
dominant hand.

14. Organ Systems
•How would your life
be different without
your integumentary
system?
•How long do you think
you could survive?

15. Organ Systems
•2- Muscular system
•The muscular system
allows us to move
•Biceps, triceps,
hamstring, and
quadriceps, are all
organs in the
muscular system.

16. Organ Systems
•Muscular system facts:
–The busiest muscles in
your muscular system are
your eyes. They move
more than 100,000 times
per day!
–The largest muscle in your
body is the gluteus
maximus
–It takes 17 muscles to
smile and 42 to frown.
–Muscles can’t push, they
can only pull.
–Muscles can’t function
without calcium.

17. Organ Systems
•How would your life
be different without
your muscular
system?
•How long do you think
you could survive?

18. Organ Systems
•3- Skeletal system
•The skeletal system
provides support and
protection for vital
organs.
•Bones, ligaments,
and tendons are
some organs that
make up a skeletal
system.

19. Organ Systems
•Skeletal system facts:
–Your body has about 206
bones although you were
born with over 300 bones.
–You have the same number of
bones in your neck as a
giraffe does!
–Bone marrow makes blood
cells, but bones are alive, and
would die without blood.
–The longest bone in your
body is your femur. (Thigh)
–Your bones are about 60%
calcium compounds.
–Over half of the bones in your
entire body are in your hands
and feet.

20. Organ Systems
•How would your life
be different without
your skeletal system?
•How long do you think
you could survive?

21. Organ Systems
•4- Nervous system
•The nervous system
sends messages that
control body functions
•The brain, spinal
cord, and nerves are
some organs in the
nervous system.

22. Organ Systems
•Nervous system facts:
–Your nervous system
functions using electricity.
–Messages can travel
through your neurons at
speeds of 250 mph!
–The avg. # of neurons in a
human brain is 100 billion.
–The longest neuron (nerve
cell) known to man is 15
feet long (in a giraffe leg).
–If you lined up all the
neurons in your body, it
would stretch 600 miles!
–An adult human brain
weighs about 3 pounds.

23. Organ Systems
•How would your life
be different without
your nervous system?
•How long do you think
you could survive?

24. Organ Systems
•5- Endocrine System
•The endocrine system
produces chemicals
that control the body
(ex. Hormones)
•The adrenal glands,
pituitary gland (in
brain), thyroid, and
pancreas are all organs
in the endocrine
system.

25. Organ Systems
•Endocrine system facts:
–Steroids, insulin, and
adrenaline are 3 of the 30
hormones made by your
body.
–It only takes a tiny bit of a
hormone to cause a very
large reaction
–Physical growth, hyperactivity,
depression, stress, hunger
and many other emotions are
linked to hormone production.

26. Organ Systems
•How would your life
be different without
your endocrine
system?
•How long do you think
you could survive?

27. Organ Systems
•6- Cardiovascular system
(circulatory)
•The cardiovascular system
carries food and oxygen to
the cells, and carries
carbon dioxide away from
the cells.
•Your heart, arteries, veins,
and capillaries, are organs
in the cardiovascular
system.

28. Organ Systems
•Cardiovascular system facts:
–The heart beats about
3,000,000,000 times during an
average lifetime.
–You have thousands of miles of
blood vessels and arteries in your
body. (you could wrap them
around the world twice.
–You have about 5 million red
blood cells, 10,000 white blood
cells, and 250,000 platelets in 1
drop of blood.
–Arteries take blood away from the
heart, and veins return it to the
heart.
–Moving helps return blood to your
heart
–You do NOT have blue blood!

29. Organ Systems
•How would your life
be different without
your cardiovascular
system?
•How long do you think
you could survive?

30. Organ Systems
•7- Lymphatic system
(Immune system)
•The lymphatic system
returns leaked fluids to
blood vessels, and
helps fight off germs.
•Lymph nodes, lymph
vessels, thymus,
spleen, and tonsils are
all organs in the
lymphatic system.

31. Organ Systems
•Lymphatic system facts:
–Your lymph system releases
white blood cells to fight off
infection.
–Your lymph nodes swell up
when the fill up with white
blood cells (when you are sick)
–Your spleen helps break down
and recycle RBCs.
–Your lymph system returns
about ½ cup of lymph fluid to
the heart per hour.
–Domestic birds don’t have
lymph nodes.
–Most of your lymph nodes are
in your armpits, neck, and
groin.

32. Organ Systems
•How would your life
be different without
your lymph system?
•How long do you think
you could survive?

33. Organ Systems
•8- Respiratory system
•The respiratory system
exchanges oxygen for
carbon dioxide. (O
2
in
and CO
2
out).
•Lungs, Bronchi,
trachea, and
diaphragm are all
organs in the
respiratory system.

34. Organ Systems
•Respiratory system facts:
–You breathe in 21%
oxygen and .4% Carbon
dioxide, you breathe out
16% oxygen and 4%
carbon dioxide.
–You have the same surface
area on you lungs as a
tennis court.
–You breathe out about ½ of
a liter of water per day.
–Your right lung is slightly
larger than your left.

35. Organ Systems
•How would your life
be different without
your respiratory
system?
•How long do you think
you could survive?

36. Organ Systems
•9- Digestive System
•The digestive system
breaks food down into
nutrients that can be
absorbed by the
body.
•The mouth, liver,
stomach, and
intestines are some of
the organs in the
digestive system.

37. Organ Systems
•Digestive system facts:
–The average stomach can
hold about 1.5 liters of
food.
–Your intestines are lined
with tiny projections called
villi. They increase the
surface area of your
intestines so you can
absorb as much as
possible.
–Your intestines are about
15 meters long!
–Food stays in your stomach
for 2-4 hours.

38. Organ Systems
•How would your life
be different without
your digestive
system?
•How long do you think
you could survive?

39. Organ Systems
•10- Urinary System
(excretory)
•The urinary system
removes waste from the
blood and regulates
body fluids.
•Kidneys, ureters, and
the bladder are all
organs in the urinary
system.

40. Organ Systems
•Urinary system facts:
–Your bladder can hold
about 400 ml of urine.
–The blood in your body
passes through each
kidney 400 times per day.
–The kidneys use osmosis
to control the amount of
water in the blood.
–Caffeine and alcohol are
diuretics, which means that
they suppress the part of
your brain that tells your
body that you need to
retain water. (increases
urination - dehydration)

41. Organ Systems
•How would your life
be different without
your urinary system?
•How long do you think
you could survive?

42. Organ Systems
•11- Reproductive
system
•The reproductive
system enables the
organism to produce
offspring
•Ovaries and uterus in
a female and testes in
a male are organs in
the reproductive
system.

43. Organ Systems
•Reproductive system
facts:
–The largest cell in the
human female body is the
egg in the ovaries.
–An adult male makes about
500 million sperm per day.
A female is born with about
600,000 immature eggs.
–A female body is capable
of giving birth to 35 children
in her lifetime.

44. Organ Systems
•Which organ system
do you think is most
important?
•Which organ systems
couldn’t function
without other organ
systems?

45. Quiz time!
•Which level of organization do each of the
following pictures belong to?

46. Quiz time!

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51. Quiz time!