50 most repeated questions classss 10.pdf

Imp

1. 50 सबसे Important सवाल!
पक्के!
MOST REPEATED
QUESTIONS OF BOARD
EXAMS!

2. Why did in the last quarter of the
nineteenth century nationalism no
longer retained its idealistic
liberal-democratic sentiment, but
became a narrow creed with limited
ends?

3. ●During this period nationalist groups became
increasingly intolerant of each other and ever
ready to go to war.

●The most serious source of nationalist tension
in Europe after 1871 was the area called the
Balkans. The Balkans was a region of
geographical and ethnic variation

●A large part of the Balkans was under the
control of the Ottoman Empire.One by one, its
European subject nationalities broke away
from its control and declared independence.

●It got even complicated because the Balkans
also became the scene of big power rivalry.
This led to a series of wars in the region and
finally the First World War.

4. How was the social and political
situation of India affected by the
First World War? Explain.

5. ●The war created a new economic and
political situation.

●It led to a huge increase in defence
expenditure which was financed by war
loans and increasing taxes: customs duties
were raised and income tax introduced.

●Through the war years prices increased –
leading to extreme hardship for the common
people.

●Villages were called upon to supply soldiers,
and the forced recruitment in rural areas
caused widespread anger.

●Crops failed in many parts of India,
resulting in acute shortages of food.

6. How is the distribution pattern of the
Railway network in the country has
been largely influenced by
physiographic, economic and
administrative factors?

7. The distribution pattern of the Railway network in the
country has been largely influenced by physiographic,
economic and administrative factors:

●The northern plains with their vast level land, high
population density and rich agricultural resources
provided the most favourable condition for their
growth.

●In the hilly terrains of the peninsular region,
railway tracks are laid through low hills, gaps or
tunnels.

●The Himalayan mountainous regions too are
unfavourable for the construction of railway lines
due to high relief, sparse population and lack of
economic opportunities.

●It is also difficult to law railway lines on the sandy
plain of western Rajasthan, swamps of Gujarat,
forested tracks of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Odisha and Jharkhand.

8. Highlight the various measures and
practices that French revolutionaries
introduced to create a sense of
collective identity amongst the French
people.

9. ●The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le
citoyen (the citizen) emphasised the notion of a
united community enjoying equal rights under
a constitution.

●A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to
replace the former royal standard.

●The Estates General was elected by the body of
active citizens and renamed the National
Assembly.

●New hymns were composed, oaths taken and
martyrs commemorated

●Internal customs duties and dues were
abolished and a uniform system of weights and
measures was adopted.

●Regional dialects were discouraged and French
became the common language of the nation.

10. Why do we need to expand formal
sources of credit in India? Explain

11. Expand formal sources:

●To save people from the exploitation of
Informal sector

●Formal charge a low interest on loans.

●To save from debt trap.

●It provides cheap and affordable credit.

●RBI also supervises the formal sector credit
through various rules and regulations which
ensures that banks give loans to small
cultivators, small borrowers, etc. and not just
to profit making business and traders.

12. ‘Democracy is based on the idea of
deliberation and
negotiation’.Examine the statement.

13. Democracy is based on the idea of
deliberation and negotiation:

●Democracy gives importance to
deliberation and public opinion.

●The democratic government will take
more time to follow procedures before
arriving at a decision.

●Its decisions may be both more
acceptable to the people and more
effective.

●Democracy ensures that decision
making will be based on norms and
procedures.

14. ●Transparency as Persons have the
right and the means to examine the
process of decision making.

●It follows procedures and is
accountable to the people.

●The democratic government develops
mechanisms for citizens to hold the
government accountable

15. A) The place where Indian National
Congress session was held in December
1920.

B) The place where Salt Law was broken
by Mahatma Gandhi.

17. Which of the following aspect best
signifies this image of ‘Germania’?
Mention the formula to calculate the
BMI ( Body Mass Index)

18. What is majoritarianism? How can
you say that Sri Lankan government
had a majoritarian attitude in its
policies?

19. A belief that the majority community should be able
to rule a country in whichever way it wants, by
disregarding the wishes and needs of the minority is
majoritarianism.

MAJORITARIANISM IN SRI LANKA:

In 1956, the Government passed an Act to recognise
Sinhala as the only official language, thus
disregarding Tamil.
Government also amended Sri Lankan constitution to
foster Buddhist religion.
Sinhalese speaking candidates were given
preference for jobs at universities, and other places.

20. What are ‘Institutional Reforms’? Enlist
various institutional reforms taken by the
Indian Government to bring about
improvements in agriculture.

21. Steps taken by the government to bring about
improvements in agriculture are termed as
‘Institutional Reforms’.

1.Collectivisation and consolidation of land
holdings to make them economically viable..
2.Cooperation with farmers and Abolition of
Zamindari system.
3.Establishment of ‘Grameen Banks’,
Cooperative Societies and Banks for
providing loan facilities to the farmers at
lower rates of interest.
4.Special weather bulletins and agricultural
programmes for farmers were introduced on
the Radio and TV.
5.Announcement of minimum support price,
remunerative and procurement prices for
crops to check the exploitation of farmers by
speculators and middlemen and removing
the elements of uncertainty.

22. Why do many historians have argued
that print culture created the conditions
within which French Revolution
occurred?

Or

What role did Print play in occurrence of
French Revolution of 1789?

23. Print played a major role in providing different
perspectives to the people of France.

Print did not directly shape their minds, but it did open up
the possibility of thinking differently.

●Print popularised the ideas of the Enlightenment
thinkers. The writings of Voltaire and Rousseau were
read widely; and those who read these books saw
the world through new eyes, eyes that were
questioning, critical and rational.

●Print created a new culture of dialogue and debate.
All values, norms and institutions were re-evaluated

●By the 1780s there was an outpouring of literature
that mocked the royalty and criticised their
morality. This literature circulated underground and
led to the growth of hostile sentiments against the
monarchy.

24. Which five provisions of the
constitutional amendment of 1992 really
strengthened the third tier of democracy
in India? Explain.

25. Major steps towards decentralisation and
strengthening of third tier taken in 1992 were:
1.Now it is constitutionally mandatory to hold
regular elections to Local Government
bodies.
2.Seats are reserved in elected bodies for
scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and other
backward classes (OBCs).
3.At least one-third of all positions and seats
are reserved for women.
4.An independent institution called the State
Election Commission was created to conduct
Panchayat and Municipal elections.
5.The State Governments are required to
share some powers and revenue with Local
Government bodies.

26. “The destruction of biodiversity is highly
correlated with the loss of cultural
diversity.” Give four facts to support this
statement

27. The destruction of biodiversity is highly correlated with
the loss of cultural diversity in following ways:
●Increasingly marginalised and impoverished
many forest dependent communities.
●
●Among the poor, women are affected more than
men, for women bear the major responsibility of
basic subsistence needs. With the depletion of
these resources, the drudgery of women
increased for they had to walk for more than 10
km to collect these resources which, in turn,
affected their health and negligence of home and
children.
●
●The indirect impact of degradation, eg. drought
or floods etc. also hits the poor the hardest.
●
●Poverty is a direct outcome of environmental
destruction

28. What is collateral? Why do lenders ask
for collateral while lending? Explain.

29. Collateral is an asset that the borrower owns
(land, building, vehicle, livestock, land
documents, deposits with banks etc.) which
stands as a security against the money
borrowed.
In case the borrower fails to repay the loan,
the lender has the right to sell the asset or
collateral to recover the loan money. Most
lenders ask for collateral while lending as a
security against their own funds.

30. Explain the causes of the Great
Depression in the US between 1929-30.

31. There were several factors that had caused the
‘Depression’. Some of those were as follows:
(i) Agricultural Overproduction - Falling of
agricultural prices had made it even worse. As the
prices fell, the agricultural income declined. To
meet this situation, farmers brought larger volume
of produce to the market to maintain their small
income. The excessive supply couldn’t be sold due
to lack of buyers and farm produce rotted.
(ii) US Loan Crisis: In the mid-1920s, many
countries financed their investments through loans
from the US. Countries that depended on US loans
faced an acute crisis due to the withdrawal of US
loAnswer: It led to the failure of major banks and
collapse of currencies such as the British pound
sterling.

32. What problems were faced by the Indian
cotton weavers in the 19th century?
Describe

33. The Indian cotton weavers faced many problems in
the 19th century:
●Their export collapsed.
●
●The local market shrank being flooded by the
Manchester imports. This increased
competition for domestic producers.
●
●By 1860, Indian weavers could not get
sufficient supply of raw cotton of good
quality. This happened because a Civil War
had broken out in America and the cotton
supplies from the US to Britain were cut off
and Britain turned to India.
●
●As raw cotton export from India increased,
the price of raw cotton shot up.

34. “Democracy stands much superior to any
other form of government in promoting
dignity and freedom of the individual.”
Support the statement with suitable
examples.

35. It is true that democracy stands much superior
than any other form of government in promoting
dignity and freedom of individuals, following are
some of the examples :
Dignity of women. Democracy recognizes dignity of
women as a necessary ingredient of society. To
achieve this, it is legally binding to have a fair
proportion of women in the elected bodies.
Panchayati Raj in India has reserved one-third
seats in local government bodies for women.
Democracy transforms people from the status of a
subject into that of a citizen
Democracy has strengthened the claims of
disadvantaged and discriminated castes. This
includes reservation for minority caste groups too.

36. In what ways Government can
increase employment in the rural
sector?

37. ●By introducing mega projects-new dam is
constructed and canals

●By introducing tertiary facilities in an area

●To identify, promote and locate industries
and services in semi-rural areas

●It is also possible to set up industries that
process vegetables and agricultural
produce like potato, sweet potato,

●By promoting tourism, or regional craft
industry, or new services like IT.

38. “Democratic government is legitimate
government?” Support the statement
with arguments.

39. Democratic government is a legitimate government
because of the following reasons:
●A democratic government is people's’ own
government. That is why there is an
overwhelming support for the idea of
democracy all over the world.

●People’s wish to be ruled by representatives
elected by them.

●Democracy’s ability to generate its own
support is itself an outcome that cannot be
ignored.

40. “Consequences of environmental
degradation do not respect national or
state boundaries.” Justify the statement.

41. It is true that the consequences of
environmental degradation is now a global issue
and discussed all over the world. They are not
restricted to the nation or state boundary. The
consequences are felt in the surrounding states,
nations and also globally.
For example:

●Air pollution through massive thermal
power plant and other sources, in India
causes pollution in Nepal, Bangladesh, etc.

●Our neighbours also experience increase
in asthma and other lung diseases. Acid
rain, climate change, etc are some issues
which are transcontinental in
consequences.

42. ●Deforestation in Brazil has caused
disturbance in rainfall pattern
throughout South America.

●Land Degradation and dam burst like
conditions in China affect India and
Bangladesh as it brings massive
siltation and flood consequences.

●Therefore, environmental degradation is
a major issue and its consequences are
felt worldwide.

43. What are the various ways in which
MNCs set up or control production in
other countries.

44. Multinational Corporations (MNCs) set up their factories
or production units close to markets where they can get
desired type of skilled or unskilled labour at low costs
along with other factors of production.


After ensuring these conditions MNCs set up production
units in the following ways :

●By buying local companies of an area.

●By making partnership with the owner of local
companies.

●By investing in local companies to encourage the
production of foreign product in any country.

45. 4. Study the picture given below and
answer the questions that follows:
a)In the flag what does the lotuses
and the crescent moon represent?

b)During which freedom movement
was this flag designed?

46. ANSWER

a) The eight Lotuses represent- the 8 provinces of
British India.

A crescent moon represent- Hindus and Muslims.

b) The flag was designed during the Swadeshi
movement in Bengal.
a)In the flag what does the eight lotuses and
the crescent moon represent?

b)During which freedom movement was this
flag designed?

47. What is dynastic succession? How it is a
problem for democracy? Suggest one
method to solve the problem.

48. Dynastic Succession- A rule in which the family’s
generation rules forever and there can be no change.

This is one of the most serious challenge to
democracy:
-Most political parties do not practice open and
transparent procedures for their functioning.
-There are few ways for an ordinary worker to
rise to the top in a party.
-This is bad for democracy, since people who do
not have adequate experience or popular
support come to occupy positions of power.

Method to solve this:
●A law should be made to regulate the internal
affairs of political parties.

●It should be made compulsory for political
parties to maintain a register of its members.

49. a)Why did Gandhi ji choose ‘Salt’ as the
symbol of his Civil Disobedience
Movement?

b)What was Gandhi-Irwin Pact? When
was it signed?

OR

c)‘The Civil Disobedience Movement was
different from the Non-Cooperation
Movement.’ Support the statement.

50. a)Gandhiji choose salt as a powerful symbol for
the civil disobedience movement because:

-Salt is consumed by both the poor and the rich,
and is one of the most essential items of food
everywhere in the world.

-The British government had the monopoly on
the production of salt in India.

-By imposing a ‘salt tax’ the government hit both
the rich and the poor, specially the poor.


b)Gandhi-Irwin was an agreement signed between
Gandhi and Lord Irwin on 5th March 1931.
According to this pact, if Gandhiji agreed to
participate in the Second Round Table
Conference, the British government agreed to
release the political prisoners.
Non- Cooperation
Movement
Civil Disobedience
Movement
Launched in the
1920s.

Indians were only
asked not to
cooperate with the
British Government.

Movement called off-
Chauri Chaura
incident.

Participation of the
small farmers.
Launched in the
1930s.

Indians were only
asked not to
cooperate & also to
break the civil laws.

Movement ended with
Gandhi- Irwin pact.

No participation of
the small farmers.

51. On the same given map of India, locate the following:
(I) Salem Steel Plant OR
Kandla Port

(II) Rajiv Gandhi International Airport

52. Mark the state which is the leading producer of
Rubber :

53. a)What has been the impact of
Globalisation on Indian
Agriculture?

b)List down 3 practices that can
improve India’s agriculture

54. IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON AGRICULTURE
●Globalisation prevailed since colonial times.
●In the 19th Century, Indian spices were
exported to European countries.
●Cotton was largely exported to Britain as raw
material due to its quality.
●Textile Industries flourished in Manchester
and Liverpool due to the availability of good
quality cotton.
●After 1990, Indian farmers faced new
challenges.
●Despite being an important producer of Rice,
Wheat, Rubber, Cotton India could not
compete against a developed nation with
highly subsidised agriculture.

55. Practices that can improve India’s
agriculture :

●If India changes its cropping pattern, i.e.,
from cereals to high-value crops, then it has
to import food crops.
●During 1960s, it was seen as a disaster.
●On the other hand, if India imports cereals
while exporting high-value commodities, it
will be following successful economies like
Italy, Chile & Israel.
●These countries export farm products e.g.,
fruits, olives, especially seed and wine and
import cereals.

56. Why did Metternich describe Mazzini as
‘the most dangerous enemy of our social
order’. Explain.

57. Metternich was a conservative who didn’t favour
revolutionaries such as Mazzini. He described
Mazzini as the worst enemy of social order due to
following reasons :

●Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary who
founded two underground societies :

1.Young Italy in Marseilles

2.Young Europe in Berne

●Mazzini believed that God had intended
nations to be the natural units of mankind.

●Following his model, secret societies were set
up in Germany, France, Switzerland and
Poland.

●Mazzini’s relentless opposition to monarchy
and his vision of democratic republics
frightened the conservatives.

58. What are ‘Kuls’? Where are they
found mainly?

59. In hill and mountainous regions, people built
diversion channels like the ‘guls’ or ‘kuls’ of
the Western Himalayas for agriculture.

60. Why had the Indian Government
put barriers to foreign trade and
foreign investment after
independence? State any one
reason.

61. Post independence, the Indian government
imposed restrictions to foreign trade and
investment.

●This was done to protect domestic
producers from international competition.

●To protect the Indian economy from
foreign infiltration in industries affecting
the economic growth of the country as
planned.

62. Why is power sharing desirable?

63. Power sharing is desirable because of the
following reasons:

Power sharing helps to reduce the possibility of
conflict between social groups.

Power sharing is a good way to ensure the
stability of political order as social conflict often
leads to violence and political instability.

Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy.
Democracy is solely based on the ideas of
including opinions of everyone in decision
making which essentially requires power sharing
with its citizens.

64. ‘Enraged Englishmen demanded a clamp
down on the ‘native’ press.” Elaborate
the sentence in light of print culture in
colonial india.

Or

What was Vernacular Press Act? Why
was it passed in colonial India?

65. After the revolt of 1857, the attitude of colonial
government to freedom of the press changed. As
vernacular newspapers became assertively
nationalist, the colonial government began
debating measures of stringent control.

● In 1878, the Vernacular Press Act was
passed, modelled on the Irish Press Laws

●It provided the government with extensive
rights to censor reports and editorials in the
vernacular press.

●The government kept regular track of the
vernacular newspapers published in different
provinces. When a report was judged as
seditious, the newspaper was warned,
sometimes the printing machinery
confiscated.

66. Evaluate the impact of print
technology on :

1.Poor people in India
2.Women in India

67. Effect of Print on poor people in colonial India :

●Public libraries were set up from the early
twentieth century, expanding the access to books
to even poor people.

●Kashibaba, a Kanpur millworker, wrote and
published Chhote Aur Bade Ka Sawal in 1938 to
show the links between caste and class
exploitation

●By the 1930s, Bangalore cotton millworkers set up
libraries to educate themselves

68. Effect of Print on women in colonial India :

●Liberal husbands and fathers began educating
their womenfolk at home, and some even sent
them to schools. But not all families were liberal.

●Rashsundari Debi, a young married girl in a very
orthodox household, learnt to read in the secrecy
of her kitchen. Later, she wrote her autobiography
Amar Jiban which was published in 1876.

●A few Bengali women like Kailashbashini Debi
wrote books highlighting the experiences of
women – about how women were imprisoned at
home, kept in ignorance, and forced to do hard
domestic labour.

●Ram Chaddha published the fast-selling
conservative book Istri Dharm Vichar to teach
women how to be obedient wives.

69. Advancement of international trade of a
country is an index to its economic
prosperity. Explain how?

Or

Why is International trade considered
the economic barometer for a country.

70. ●Trade between two countries is called
international trade. It may take place
through sea, air or land routes.

●It is called as economic barometer of a
nation because it helps in a nation’s
economic development.

●As the resources are space bound, no
country can survive without international
trade.

●When the value of export exceeds the
value of imports, it is called a favourable
balance of trade. It brings a lot of foreign
exchange to the nation.

71. How did close relationship developed
between the town and the countryside
during the 19th century ?

72. Merchants from towns in Europe began to move
countryside in seventeenth and eighteenth
centuries because of trade guilds that restricted
the entry of new people into the trade.

Peasants in countryside started working for these
merchants.

These peasants had small farms which were not
enough for their families, so they readily accepted
working as workers for merchants.

Marchants were thus based out of towns and
cities but the work was mostly done in the
countryside. This developed a close relationship
developed between the town and the
countryside during the 19th century

73. A.Guiseppe Mazzini
B.Metternich
C.Otto Von Bismarck
D.Giuseppe Garibaldi
“When France sneezes, the rest of Europe
catches cold”. Who among the following said
this popular line?

74. A.Hindi is our national language
B.Both Hindi and English are our official
languages
C.India has 21 scheduled languages
D.Both A and C
Which of the following is not true about our
Indian language policy?

75. Who said ‘The printing press is the
most powerful engine of progress and
public opinion is the force that will
sweep despotism away’?

A. MARTIN LUTHER

B. JOHANN GUTENBERG

C. VOLTAIRE

D. MERCIER

76. A.Nationalist Congress Party
B.Bahujan samaj Party
C.All India Trinamool Congress
D.Communist Party of India
I am a political party which was formed
after a split from Indian National
Congress and I don’t believe in dynastic
succession. Identify me :

77. Choose the CORRECT option from Columns A & B:








S.No. Column A Column B
1. Absolutist A vision of society
2. Utopian A form of Government
3. Plebiscite A system of direct vote
4. Suffrage A system of holding election
A.1
B.2
C.3
D.4

78. In Victorian Britain the upper classes-
aristocratic class and bourgeoisie preferred
handmade goods because:

(a) they were made from imported material.

(b) the handmade goods came to symbolize
refinement and class.

(c) Machine made goods were not available back
then.

(d) Handmade goods were cheaper

79. Aus, Aman and Boro are varieties of which crop?

a)Paddy

b)Wheat

c)Rice

d)Both A and C

80. HOMEWORK QUESTIONS:

1.Why are dams known as the temples of
India? List down some of the problems that
can arise because of them.

2.Why is Greece known as the cradle of
European Civilisation?

3.Why is the unification of Britain known as a
long drawn process?

4.What is Protestant Reformation? What was
the role of Martin Luther King in it?

5.What role do political parties play? List
down 2 problems political parties face along
with respective ways to correct them.