5915.pptx

Education

1. WEL - COME

2. UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, DHARWAD COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, BIJAPUR Course Title : “Field Crops-2 (Rabi)” AGR-302 (2+1) Prepared By : Megha A. G. (5915)

3. Classification Of Rapeseed & Mustard

4. Introduction : Mustard - Rapeseed group of crops is among the oldest cultivated plants in human civilization. It is a group of oilseed crops which assumes the significance in Indian national economy by occupying the second position next to groundnut and is considered as a “ cash crop” . Biologically, the rapeseed and mustard plants belongs to the family “ Cruciferae” and under the genus “ Brassica” with large number of species and sub species cultivated in India. Being a number of “ Brassica” genus, the rapeseed is closely related with mustard

5. The word “rape” comes from the latin word “rapum”, means ‘turnip’. On the other hand, the word ‘mustard’ is derived from latin word “mustum” or “must”, which denotes ‘expressed juice of grapes’ and “ardens” means “hot & burning”. The mustard - rapeseed is a versatile group of plants used in various ways historically. The mustard and rapeseed are closely related to each other and can share the same growing areas. However, the classification of mustard - rapeseed is summed up to show it’s different characteristics:

6. Distinguishing Characteristics : Characters Rapeseed (Sarson/ Toria) Mustard (Rai/Raya) Plant Height 45-150 cm 90-200 cm Leaves Sessile Stalked Siliquae (Pod) Short & Thicker Long & Slender Pollination Cross Pollinated Self Pollinated Seed Coat Smooth Rough

7. Mustard Seed Rapeseed WRS Australia

8. Mustard Plant Rapeseed Plant

9. English Name Vernacular Name Botanical Name Identification Characteristic Of Seeds Indian Mustard/ Brown Mustard Rai, Raya, Sasve, Laha Brassica juncea Seeds are medium, round & dark brown/black Indian Rape/ Rapeseed/Toria Toria, Tori, Lahi Brassica compestris var. toria Seeds are dark brown, bold & large sized. Brown Sarson/ Rapeseed Brown Sarson, Bhoori Sarson Brassica compestris var. brown sarson Seeds are light reddish, bold & large sized. Yellow Sarson/ Rapeseed Yellow Sarson, Pilli Sarson Brassica compestris var. yellow sarson Seeds are slightly smaller, ovoid & yellow colour. Abyssinian / Ethiopian Mustard Rai Brassica carinata Seeds are small, round & reddish brown in colour. Classification Of Mustard-Rapeseed :

10. Commonly Grown Species Of Rapeseed & Mustard : Species Common name Local name Brassica juncea Indian mustard Rai or laha B . juncea Rugosa Pahari rai B . nigra Black mustard Banarsi rai B. alba White mustard Ujli sarson B . campestris Turnip rape Yellow sarson B. campestris Turnip rape Brown sarson B . campestris Indian rape Toria or lahi

11. Difference Between Yellow & Brown Sarson : Yellow sarson Brown sarson 1) Lower most first two leaves: Lamina prominent up to base of the leaf . Colour & texture of Leaves- Dark. Lamina partially absent in basal half. Colour & texture of Leaves – Pale. 2) Branching : Branches, erect, ascending, straggling plants absent. The primary branches arise from 100 to 200 angle of shoot. Rather erect to spreading, straggling plants occasionally present. The primary branches arise at 230 to 430 of shoot.

12. 3) Pods : Thick and broad Thin and narrow 4) Seeds : Dingy white or yellow, non – mucilaginous. Dark brown, brown or reddish brown, mucilaginous. 5) Fertility : Self fertile. Highly self fertile. 6) Maturity : One week later in flowering and maturity At least a week earlier in flowering and maturity.

13. Difference Between Brown Sarson& Toria : Brown sarson Toria Leaves and stem : At least lower leaves & lower part of the stem are more or less hairy, leaves thin. Leaves and stems are glabrous, leaves somewhat fleshy. 2) Seeds : Dark coloured, mucilaginous Light coloured, non-mucilaginous 3) Maturity : Flowers and matures at least a fortnight later than toria if sown at the same time. Flowers and matures at least a fortnight earlier than brown sarson when sown at the same time.

14. 4) Period of growing : It is sown in Oct/Nov. and harvested in March/April as rabi crop. It is a late kharif season crop sown in September and harvested in December. 5) Cultivation & uses : May be grown mixed mostly as rainfed. It is used as oil seed, fodder, vegetable oil and preferred for culinary purpose. Grown alone and as irrigated, for oil purpose; plants are not good for vegetable purpose oil is used for culinary purpose only.

15. Rapeseed Canadian Rapeseed

16. Black Mustard seed

17. Yellow Mustard seed Brown Mustard Seeds Red Mustard Seeds White Mustard Seeds

18. Characteristic Features Of some Important Types: Yellow and brown sarson: It is widely grown in N orth and Central India . There are two main types, yellow and brown sarson so named because of its seed colour . It is high yielding than toria. The crop is sown in October and harvested in March/April after about 150-160 days time.

19. Brown mustard: It is very widely grown in India. The crop is sown in October/November and harvested in March/April after about 110-160 days period. This type gives better yield . Indian mustard: It is grown in very limited areas . It has very low oil content but the main purpose of its cultivation is to use it as condiment .

20. Toria:  It is grown as an autumn crop. This variety is susceptible to clod and is sown early in middle or late September and takes about 75-100 days to mature. The variety is obviously low yielding but it responds to irrigation and adequate fertilization .

21. Taramira: ( Eruca sativa )  It is relatively of recent introduction into India . It is believed to be native of South Europe and North Africa . It is relatively a low yielding Cruciferous oilseed crop grown in Northern India and very often grouped with rapeseed and mustard crops. The variety is particularly adapted to poor soils and low rainfall areas.  

22. Reference : National Research Center On Rapeseed-Mustard, Sewar Bharatpur (Rajasthan). Department of Botany, Nagpur University. Indian Rapeseed & Mustard by Dr. D. P. Singh