5th Lecture (Social Issue after Disasters).pptx

Social issues after disaster

1. Social Issues after Disasters Abdul Ghaffar Mastoi Masters in Sociology 24-April-2024 Islamabad Nursing College (INC)

2. Sub-Topics Discuss the general impact of disasters Analysis of psychological and social implications of disasters

3. WHO; What is disaster The widespread human, material and environmental losses exceed the community's ability to cope using its own resources. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a disaster as “A sudden ecological occurrence of sufficient magnitude to require external assistance ”.

4. A serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society at any scale due to dangerous events interacting with conditions of exposure, weakness and capacity, leading to one or more of the following: human, material, economic and environmental losses and impacts .

5. Types

6. Physical effects of disasters: Victims of disaster will typically present to family physicians with acute physical health problems such as gastroenteritis or viral diseases. Chronic problems often require medications and ongoing primary care.

7. In a disaster, we face the danger of death and physical injury. We may also lose our home, possessions, or community. Such stressors place you at risk for physical health problems.

8. Emotional damage: We may be  restless , tense , speechless, or grief-stricken. We may also feel more irritable or moody than usual. Changes to thoughts and behavior patterns. You might have repeated and intense memories of the event.

9. Psychological Impact: Depending on the type and extent of loss, individuals directly impacted by natural disasters may be feeling a strong sense of grief, panic , loss of hope, fear and sadness. Difficulties sleeping , anger , irritability, and guilt may also surface.

10. Most persons exposed to disaster recover quickly from temporary distress reactions, others progress to psychopathology including Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), major depression, anxiety disorders, and substance abuse. Those who lose loved ones in a natural disaster are likely to grapple with complicated grief.

11. Prevention of psychological consequences of disaster holds great promise but is untried and untested. Early intervention is being redefined as psychological questioning is succeeded by evidence-informed approaches; psychological first aid is the current challenger. A stepped-care approach is advocated for moving survivors through a progression of early to intermediate psychological support and beyond this, for those whose distress is unabated, into psychological and psychiatric treatment.

12. While focus is logically tired to timely based support and treatment for those who are impacted psychologically , some of the most positive guidance to emerge is that flexibility, positive adaptation in the face of disaster’s adversity, is the most common and expectable outcome. Some survivors even emerge from the disaster experience stronger and more vital psychologically, a recently-recognized phenomenon known as posttraumatic growth. This sets the future agenda for the field; integrating disaster mental and behavioral health with the disciplines of public health, public safety, and emergency response to enhance preparedness for future catastrophic events.

13. Social impact: With increasing disaster risks, social effects of disasters are also more than likely to intensify, leading to the disruption of long-established patterns of social, economic , and social life of people resulting from displacement, relocation, and resettlement.

14. Cultural effects: The impact of a disaster on a particular culture depends on the people in that culture and the strength and resilience of the culture. Disasters may slow cultural development ; however, typically the customs, beliefs, and value systems remain the same even if the outward expressions of culture change.

15. Recorded disasters In 2023, there was a total of 398 natural disasters events recorded worldwide, down from 398 recorded a year earlier. The Europe, Middle East and Africa region experienced the highest number of natural disasters that year.

16. In 2022, a total of 388 disasters occurred globally. This is higher compared to the annual average for the past 30 years (1992-2021), which is 340.

17. 1935 Quetta earthquake Earthquake Quetta May 31, 1935 60,000 1945 Balochistan earthquake Earthquake/Tsunami Makran Nov 27, 1945 4,000 1974 Hunza earthquake Earthquake Northern Areas Dec 28, 1974 97,000 5,300 2005 Kashmir earthquake Earthquake Muzaffarabad Oct 8, 2005 2,500,000 87,351

18. Pakistan Floods of 2010 , flooding of the Indus River in Pakistan in late July and August 2010 that led to a humanitarian disaster considered to be one of the worst in Pakistan’s history. The floods, which affected approximately 20 million people, destroyed homes, crops, and infrastructure and left millions helpless to malnutrition and waterborne diseases. Estimates of the total number of people killed ranged from 1,200 to 2,200, while approximately 1.6 million houses were damaged or destroyed, leaving an estimated 14 million people without homes.

19. Worst natural disaster ever Worst natural disaster ever: China floods Total deaths: 4,000,000 Year: 1931 Location: China Year: July 1931

20. Pakistan; National Disaster Management Authority In Pakistan; National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) formed August 17, 2007 to deal with the whole spectrum of disasters and their management in the country.

21. List of International and National NGOs working in Pakistan in natural disasters. Akhuwat Foundation Edhi Foundation Indus Hospital & Health Network Islamic Relief Worldwide USAID Pakistan Alkhidmat Foundation Pakistan HANDS Pakistan Save the Children UNICEF

22. Thank you