6. Forearm.pptx it is a ppt of a radiographic imaging

It is a ppt of a forearm in radiographic xrays

1. Forearm

2. Contents Related radiological anatomy AP LAT

3. ANATOMY OF FOREARM

4. shaft and 2 articular extremities. Two beak like processes- olecranon & coronoid processes. Coronoid process articulates with the trochlea of humerus. lateral side of coronoid process - depression ‘radial notch’ for articulation with the head of the radius. Lower end of ulna - rounded process on the lateral side , articulates the distal end of radius. On postero medial aspect -conical projection called styloid process. Radial notch of ulna ULNA

5. RADIUS shaft and 2 articular extremities. Upper extremity - the head, below constricted part - neck. Distal end of radius is flat and broad. It has also a conical projection called the styloid process. It articulates with the proximal row of carpel bones below.

6. CLINICAL INDICATIONS To detect fractures/dislocations of the bones and joints. Suspected case of osteomyelitis or bone tumors. RTA ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT Cassette of 15x 12 “ Non opaque sponge pads Sand bags Stool PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT Patient should be made to sit by the side or at the end of the X-ray table on a stool.

7. BASIC PROJECTIONS Two projections at right angles to each other of the full length of both radius and ulna including wrist & elbow are taken. Basic Views: Antero- posterior Lateral

8. ANTERO-POSTERIOR Positioning of patient: Patient - side of the table Arm –abducted Elbow fully extended Forearm- supinated resting on the cassette. Shoulder - lowered down to bring it to the same horizontal level as elbow & wrist. Direction & centering of the X-ray beam: the vertical ray is directed in the midline of the forearm , midway between the elbow and wrist.

9. LATERAL Positioning of patient and film: Elbow -flexed to a right angle and the humerus is rotated through 90 Shoulder - lowered so that the shoulder, elbow, wrist are on the same horizontal plane. Palm - right angles to the table. Direction and centering of the beam : The vertical ray is directed to the lateral aspect of the forearm midway between the elbow and the wrist.

10. FOREARM FRACTURE If the patient’s limb cannot be moved it can be obtained by moving the central ray through 90 between the projections. The medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus should be as near as possible at the right angles to the film. No attempt should be made to rotate the patients hand.

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