6.mental development

1. PSYCHOLOGY
MENTAL
DEVELOPMENT

2. MENTAL DEVELOPMENT
•In the educational process, improving the
skill of remembering and coming out of the
forgetting problem and adjusting to various
conditions is called as mental
development.

3. THEORIES OF MENTAL DEVELOPMENT
•There are three theories of remembering
and forgetting.
•They are:
• Theory of Decay or Disease,
• Theory of Interference,
• Theory of Trace Change.

4. THEORY OF DECAY
•Theory of Decay states that impressions
created in the brain during the learning
process fade away with the passage of
time. This is also called as forgetting.

5. THEORY OF INTERFERENCE
•Theory of Interference states that the
interference and interaction of the ever-
lasting memory of motor skills cause the
spontaneous recovery of the memory in
case of forgetting.

6. THEORY OF TRACE CHANGE
•Theory of Trace Change states that one’s memory of
what he has seen tends to change from general to specific
ways. For ex. After learning the alphabets if a child is
shown a triangle, he relates it immediately to the alphabet
“A”.
•Tip of Tongue approach states that forgetting is only a
temporary and not a permanent failure of the mechanism
responsible for remembering.

7. METHODS TO MEASURE MEMORY
•Psychologists generally describe three
methods to measure memory.
•They are :
•Recall
•Recognisation
•Re-learning

8. RECALL
•It is a very simple method to measure.
•Expose children to some words for a specific
period of time and then ask them to recall as many
times as possible.

9. RECOGNISATION
•It is the discrimination between the seen and the
unseen.
•Multiple choice questions are examples of a
typical recognisation experiment.
•The student is shown a number of items that he
has studied along with some new items and asked
to recognize the studied items

10. RE-LEARNING
•The student is asked to
re-learn the material at
a later stage instead of
recalling and
recognizing.
•The difference between
the number of trials
required to re-learn is
then considered as an
index of retention.
•This is often referred to
as measure saving score

11. LEARNING METHODS

12. METHODS FOR RETENTION OF
LEARNT SUBJECT
•over learning,
•meaningful organisation
of subject matter,
•use of meaningful
material,
•self recitation,
•formation of clear
concept,
•use of the principle of
learning by doing.

14. TYPES OF MEMORY
•Short term
memory,
•Long term
memory.

15. SHORT TERM MEMORY

16. LONG TERM MEMORY