6 practice-tests-fce-st-grivas-publications

Engish, CPE test

3. 2
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without the prior permission of GRIVAS PUBLICATIONS.
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HEAD OFFICE
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Printed February 2011
©GRIVAS PUBLICATIONS 2008
∞ll rights reserved
Senior Editor: Lesley Jones
Editorial Team: Christopher Dunne
Effie Fragouli
Karen Glover
Claudia Milza
Alexander Pickett
Marianna Preveziotis
Neill Treacy
Rena Tsapeloglou
SAMPLE
PAGES
nna
ill Treacyll Treac
Rena TsapeloglouRena Tsapeloglo

4. 3
CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Grammar in Brief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
TEST 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
TEST 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
TEST 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
TEST 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
TEST 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
TEST 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Further Practice in Key Word Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
Further Practice in Word Formation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Sample Answer Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
SAMPLE
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. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
er Practice i
Further P
PAGES
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5. Introduction to the FCE
TIME DESCRIPTION NUMBER OF ITEMS MARKS
READING
1 hour PART 1(multiple choice)
A text followed by four-option multiple-choice
questions.
PART 2(gapped text)
A text from which sentences have been
removed and placed in jumbled order after
the text. Candidates must decide from where
in the text the sentences have been removed.
PART 3(multiple matching)
A text or several short texts preceded by
multiple-matching questions. Candidates
must match prompts to elements in the text.
2 marks for each
correct answer
2 marks for each
correct answer
1 mark for
each correct
answer
TIME DESCRIPTION NUMBER OF ITEMS MARKS
USE OF ENGLISH
45 minutesPART 1(multiple-choice cloze)
A modified cloze test containing 12 gaps and followed by 12 four-option multiple-choice items.
PART 2(open cloze)
A modified cloze test containing 12 gaps.
PART 3(word formation)
A text containing 10 gaps. Each gap corresponds to a word. The stems of the
missing words are given beside the text and
must be changed to form the missing word.
PART 4(key word transformation)
8 separate items, each with a lead-in
sentence and a gapped second sentence to
be completed in two to five words, one of
which is a given ‘key word’.
1 mark for each
correct answer
1 mark for each
correct answer
1 mark for each
correct answer
Up to 2 marks
for each answer
TIME DESCRIPTION
NUMBER
OF ITEMS
MARKS
WRITING
1 hour and 20
minutes
PART 1Question 1 (compulsory)
Writing a letter or e-mail. Candidates are required to deal with input
material of up to 160 words. This may include material taken from
advertisements, extracts from letters, e-mails, schedules, etc.
PART 2
Writing one of the following on a situationally-based writing task
specified in no more than 70 words:
an article, an essay, a letter, a
report, a review, a story
.
OR
Writing one of the following, based on one of two prescribed
reading texts:
an article, an essay, a letter, a report, a review.
1 compulsory
task
120-150 words
1 task to be
selected from
a choice
of five
120-180
words
Each
question
on this
paper
carries
equal
marks
4
8
7
15
12
12
10
8
DESC
S SA
PART 1(multipl
A modifie
followed
ms.
MPLE
rs,
n a situationa
rds: an art
he following, base
an article, an essay,
GES
ES
ma
each
PA
red to d
mater
edu

6. TIME DESCRIPTION MARKS
SPEAKING
14 minutesPART 1(3 minutes)
A conversation between the interlocutor and each candidate (spoken questions).
PART 2(1 minute for each candidate)
An individual ‘long turn’ for each candidate with a brief response from the second
candidate and the other way round. In turn, the candidates are given a pair of
photographs to talk about.
PART 3(3 minutes)
A two-way conversation between the candidates. The candidates are given spoken
instructions with written and visual stimuli, which are used in a decision-making
task.
PART 4(4 minutes)
A discussion on topics related to the collaborative task (spoken questions).
Candidates
are
assessed
on their
performance
throughout
the
Speaking
test.
TIME DESCRIPTION
NUMBER
OF ITEMS
MARKS
LISTENING
40 minutes
approximately
PART 1(multiple choice)
A series of short unrelated extracts of approximately 30 seconds
each, from monologues or exchanges between interactingspeakers.
There is one multiple-choice question per extract, each with three
options.
PART 2(sentence completion)
A monologue or text involving interacting speakers and lasting
approximately 3 minutes. Candidates are required to complete the
sentences with information heard on the recording.
PART 3(multiple matching)
Five short related monologues of approximately 30 seconds each. The
multiple-matching questions require selection of the correct option
from a list of six.
PART 4(multiple choice)
A monologue or text involving interacting speakers and lasting
approximately 3 minutes. There are seven multiple-choice questions,
each with three options.
1 mark for
each correct
answer
1 mark for
each correct
answer
1 mark for
each correct
answer
1 mark for
each correct
answer
5
8
10
5
7
SC
S SAMPLE
rlocutor and e
can
n’ for each candida
other way round.
k about.
es)
conversation betw
ns with written
4(4 minutes)
A discussion on
PAGE
tion
s and lasting
ice questions,GES
S
0

7. 6
Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.
1
The last time I went to Crete was in July 2003.
BEEN I ......................................Crete since July
2003.
2‘Whose is this bag?’ he asked.
TO ‘Who ......................................?’ he asked.
3I haven’t had a reply to my e-mail yet.
STILL I am ......................................a reply to my
e-mail.
4Robert began to write poetry twelve years ago.
WRITINGRobert ......................................twelve
years.
5The group broke up three years ago.
SINCE It ..........................................the group
broke up.
6It’s more than a month since I saw Peter.
FOR I ......................................more than a
month.
7This is the worst film I’ve ever watched.
NEVER I .........................................bad film.
8His involvement in politics started when he was at
university.
INVOLVEDHe has .........................................he was
at university.
9I haven’t spoken French for ages.
SINCE It’s ages ......................................French.
10The last time we went dancing was months ago.
FOR We ......................................months.
11They have never swum in a pool before.
TIME It’s the ......................................in a pool.
12Look, the teacher is coming, boys.
HERE Look, ......................................, boys!
13Derek met Susan eight months ago.
HAS Derek ...................................eight months.
14He has got a job at a café this summer.
IS He ......................................at a café this
summer.
15Why do you complain about the weather all the time?
FOREVERWhy ......................................about the
weather?
GRAMMAR IN BRIEF
Simple Present
■Ronaldo shoots... and he scores!
Then he
opens the door and walks out of the room.
Denzel Washington
plays the role of an FBI agent.
PLANE
CRASHES IN INDIA
Here
comes Steve! There she goes!
You
break the eggs into a bowl and beat them well.
Present Progressive
Dad’s working overtime every day this month.
Those boys
are always / forever / constantly /
continually causing
problems.
His condition
is improving as the days go by.
■The boat is leaving / leavestomorrow at 9 o’clock.
NOTE:
Why are you smelling the cheese? Is something
wrong with it? (= checking its smell)
I
’m tasting the curry to see if it’s too spicy.
(= checking its flavour)
Are you seeing Janet tonight? (= meeting)
I
’m thinking about joining a gym. (= considering)
Are you having dinner at seven tonight? (= eating)
You
’re being silly now. (= behaving in a silly way at
a particular moment)
Simple Present Perfect
Have
you seen any James Bond films?
I
’ve sent him three e-mails this week.
This / It is the first / second / only time I’ve witnessed
an accident.
This / It is the best / most delicious pie I’ve ever eaten.
How long
has it been (OR:is it) since you have moved
(OR:moved) here?
It
has been (OR:is) years since it has snowed
(OR:snowed) here.
■have gone to / have been to / have been in
Our neighbours have gone to Austria for Christmas. They
will be back on 2nd January.
I
have been to Portugal many times. It’s a beautiful
country.
Sally
has been in Italy for two weeks.
Present Perfect Progressive
He has been working here for six months / since June.
Why are your eyes red?
Have you been crying?
Who
has been using my shampoo? The bottle is
almost empty.
NOTE: Ihave known him for years.
[
NOT: I have been knowing him ...]
They
have had this car since 1990.
[
NOT:They have been having this ...]
1PRESENT TENSES
SAMPLE
words, including thwords, including t
s in July 2003.s in July 2003.
.............Crete since JCrete since
e asked.e ask
.........................................
reply to my e-maiply to my e-m
m ............................
e-mail.e-mail.
egan to write pgan to write p
obert bert ....
/ have bee
toAustria for Ch
anuary.
al many times. It
n Italy for two we
Progressive
been working here
your eyes re
ho has been using
almost empt
NOT: Ihave kn
Th

8. 7
Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.
1
I had to check all the reports before leaving the office.
UNTILI had to stay in the office ................................
all the reports.
2I haven’t spoken to Adam since we graduated.
LASTThe ............................................to Adam was
when we graduated.
3Mr Swift did not stop working until he was seventy.
WHENMr Swift ...........................................working.
4Debbie went to Mykonos every summer when she
was younger.
USEDDebbie ............................................Mykonos
every summer when she was younger.
5She started cooking as soon as they arrived.
UNTILShe ............................................they had
arrived.
6She has been working here for two years.
STARTEDShe ............................................ago.
7When did you have a haircut?
SINCEHow long .......................................a haircut?
8The thieves left before the police got here.
BY The thieves ............................................the
police got here.
9Lauren had never ridden a motorcycle before.
FIRST It was the ............................................a
motorcycle.
10Pete painted the walls and Kelly cleaned the
cupboards.
WHILE Pete was painting the walls .......................
...............the cupboards.
11No other student had ever talked back to her.
ONLY He was the ............................................
talked back to her.
12When I eventually stopped, I’d been a smoker for
twelve years.
SMOKINGBy the time I stopped, I ...............................
twelve years.
13When I lived on the farm, I woke up at five every day.
WOULD When I lived on the farm, ..........................
at five every day.
14They argued all the time when they were little.
FOREVERThey ............................................when
they were little.
15I had never watched a better game.
BEST It was the ............................................
watched.
Simple Past
Marylin Monroe starredin a lot of films.
She
put onher coat, tookher purse and left.
He
wentout every night when he was younger.
ALSO:He used to goout / would goout ...
NOTE:Didyou use to bein the school team?
I
didn’t use tolike maths. / Inever used tolike
maths.
How long ago
wasit that they movedhere?
How long
isit (OR:has it been) since you (last) spoke
to Chris?
It
is(OR:has been) months since we had(OR:have
had) a holiday.
Past Progressive
What wereyou doingat the time of the robbery?
I
was havinga shower when the lights went out.
He
was listeningto the news while he was driving to
work.
That summer, I
was staying with my aunt and uncle in
Cornwall.
My sister was
always / forever / constantly / continually
borrowing my clothes.
Simple Past Perfect
They had servedbreakfast by eight o’clock / by the
time we woke up.
That / It was the first / second / only time Ihad swum
in a pool.
That / It was the dullest / most boring play Ihadever
seen.
NOTE:He didn’t read the letter untileveryone (had)
left
.
Afterthey (had) haddinner, they ordered dessert.
As soon ashe (had) heardthe news, he called his wife.
We set off
beforehe had given / gaveus the map.
Past Perfect Progressive
He had been studyingFrench for eight years before
he got his certificate.
By 2005, he
had been running this business for thirty
years.
She had backache because she
had been planting
flowers all morning.
2PAST TENSES
SAMPLE
luding the wlud
the office.he office.
.........................
we graduated.we graduated.
...........................to Adamto Adam
d.
working until he wworking until he w
.......................................
o Mykonos every suMykonos every
r.
ebbie ebbie ...................
every summer whvery summer w
cooking ooking
9L PAgigi
/ gave
ench for eight yea
runninghis
he because she h
orning.

9. 8
Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.
1
There probably won’t be any more problems with it.
UNLIKELYIt ......................................be any more
problems with it.
2When I get there, I’ll give you a ring.
SOON I’ll give you a ring ......................................
get there.
3The chairman is to make a speech before the
conference begins.
BE The chairman ......................................a
speech before the conference begins.
4The shops here don’t open until 10.00.
GOING The shops here ......................................
until 10.00.
5Our furniture will be delivered by the 22nd.
HAVE They ....................................our furniture
by the 22nd.
6They started playing chess at five o’clock, nearly
three hours ago.
HAVE By eight o’clock, they ................................
chess for three hours.
7I’ll stop typing at lunchtime.
BE I ......................................lunchtime.
8I hope to have finished painting by the time the
furniture arrives.
I I hope ......................................by the
time the furniture arrives.
9The weather is not expected to improve soon.
IMPROVEWe don’t think ......................................
soon.
10He will have left before they wake up.
TIME He will have left ......................................
wake up.
11I intend to apply for that job.
GOING I ......................................for that job.
12I was about to leave when she turned up.
POINT I was ......................................when she
turned up.
13I’m sure he’ll be angry when he finds out.
BOUND He ......................................angry when
he finds out.
14Study hard and you’ll pass the test.
PROVIDEDYou’ll pass the test ....................................
hard.
Simple Future
Tomorrow, it will snowin the north.
I didn’t know he was in town. I’
ll give him a call
tonight.
I’m sure he’
ll beOK.
Be going to
I’m going to lookfor a job when I finish school.
Look! Those cars
are going to crash!
‘Your room is in a mess, boys.’ ‘We know, Mum. We
are going totidy it this evening.’
ALSO:The plane leavesat six tomorrow morning.
The Browns
are coming to visit tonight.
Future Progressive
This time next week we’ll be skiing in the Alps.
I’
ll be stayingat Paula’s while my flat is being painted.
The President of the USA
will be visitingGreece in
July.
He’
ll be playing tennis tomorrow morning, as usual.
‘
Will you be needingthe car tonight?’ ‘No, you can
take it if you want.’
NOTE: Tell him to come and see me as soon ashe gets
here. [ NOT:... as soon as he will get ...]
[Do
NOTuse willafter:when*,if,unless,before,
after,till / until,as long as,by the time,while,the
minute / moment (that)
,on condition (that),provided /
providing (that)
,suppose / supposing (that),in case]
*I have no idea
whenthey will payus.
[
when:questionword]
Simple Future Perfect
The children will have left for school by nine o’clock / by
the time you wake up. [
NOT:... until nine o’clock.]
BUT:They won’thave returned untilthree.
NOTE:‘Someone is on the phone for you.’ ‘Oh, that’ll
be
Janet.’
It’s eight thirty. He’
ll be drivingto work now.
It’s past midnight. They
will have goneto bed
by now.
Future Perfect Progressive
By 2015 / By the time he retires, he will have been
working
for thirty-five years.
Other ways of expressing the future
The planeis totake off in five minutes.
Hurry up. The shop
is about toclose.
I’
m on the point ofquitting.
His latest book
is due to comeout at Christmas.
This film
is sure / certain / bound tobecome a success.
The future in the past
I was going tobuy some souvenirs but I ran out of
money.
The museum
was toopen in April but something
went wrong.
He
was about to openthe safe when they caught him.
She
was on the point of leaving when she heard the
phone ring.
The concert
was due totake place on Sunday but it
was postponed.
3FUTURE TENSES
SAMPLE
five words, includifive words, includi
y more problems wy more prob
........................be anybe
th it.th it.
ll give you a ring.ve you a ring.
e you a ring you a ring .........
there.e.
man is to make a spman is to make
nce begins.e begins.
The chairmanThe chairma
peech beeech be
d
d /
se]
he w
the future
in five minutes.
about tose
ofquitting.
is due to comeo
/ certain / b
e in the past
g tobuy so
money.
The museum w
went
was a

10. Uncountable Nouns
The advicehe gave me wasinvaluable.
[
ALSO:furniture,equipment,information,luggage /
baggage
,jewellery,machinery]
Let me give you
a piece of / some pieces of advice.
[
ALSO WITH:furniture,equipment,information, etc.]
Fruit isfull of vitamins.
[
ALSO:money,cash,shopping,housework,fruit,
knowledge
,evidence,damage,accommodation,
rubbish,applause,laughter,rain,wood,research, etc.
BUT:tropical fruits
a good knowledge of]
There
wasthunder / lightning last night.
[a
clap / pealof thunder
a
bolt / flashof lightning]
Nouns + singular / plural verb
Where aremy new jeans?
[
ALSO:trousers,shorts,leggings,tights,pyjamas,
swimming trunks,scissors,scales]
A pair of jeans was / Two pairs of jeans were on a
chair.
[
ALSO WITH:trousers,shorts,leggings, etc.]
The
police havearrived.
[
ALSO:stairs,goods,cattle,customs,savings,
earnings,spirits,outskirts,surroundings]
The
news is very good.
[
ALSO:maths / mathematics,physics,gymnastics,
athletics,measles, mumps]
Subject + singular or plural verb
Each of
the students was / weregiven a project.
[
ALSO: either of,neither of,none of]
BUT:Not one of these paintings isfor sale.
EitherChris orhis brother / NeitherChris nor
his brother has / havegot the keys.
BUT:Eitherthe windows orthe front door / Neither
the windows northe front door wereleft open.
[
NOT:... door was left ...]
Someone hasleft theirjacket here.
[
ALSO WITH:anyone, no one, everyone]
The number ofnew members hasgone down this
year.
A small / large numberof customers havecomplained
about the service.
More than one prisoner has managed to escape.
One and a half weeks havegone by since I started
driving lessons.
Seventy-five per cent / Three quarters / The majority of
the
machines were / machinery wasdestroyed by
the fire.
Eggs,as well as butter, arehigh in cholesterol.
Butter,as well aseggs, ishigh in cholesterol.
Three weeks isa long time to spend away from your
family.
Is two kilometrestoo far for you to walk?
Five hundred euros isa ridiculous price for a pair of
shoes.
Fish and chips isa traditional English dish.
9
Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.
1
They covered all the furniture with sheets.
PIECES All the ......................................covered
with sheets.
2He hardly knows anything about modern art.
KNOWLEDGEHis ......................................not very
good.
3My suitcases were carried upstairs.
LUGGAGE My ......................................upstairs.
4I like maths more than any other subject.
FAVOURITEMaths ......................................subject.
5‘Mum, I need new jeans,’ Chris said.
PAIR ‘Mum, I need ......................................,’
Chris said.
6It seems that several students were involved in the
incident.
MORE It seems that ......................................
involved in the incident.
7A lot of people work for this company.
NUMBER A ......................................................for
this company.
8It is known that at least two burglaries take place in
the area daily.
MORE It is known that ...........................................
place in the area daily.
9Not many people live in this village.
LIVINGThe number of people ................................
small.
10Jason and his brothers are at basketball practice now.
WELL Jason, as ...........................................at
basketball practice now.
11I’m sure that none of them have thought of the
consequences.
ONE I’m sure that .........................................
thought of the consequences.
12A month and a half has gone by since their argument.
AND One ......................................gone by since
their argument.
4NOUNS
SAMPLE
cs,s
ve words, includingve words, including
with sheets.with sheets
.......................................co
ything about modehing about mod
.............................................
ood.
ses were carried uses were carr
My My .................
more thamore tha
athsh
sgon
ustomers have
er has managed t
ks havegone by
s.
cent / Three qu
were / mach
well as butte
tter,as well a
Three weeks is
family
wo k
und

11. 10
Some - Any - No
Would you like sometea?
Can
someoneshow me how to use the photocopier?
Someidiot has left their car in the middle of the road.
You must have
someidea about what happened.
Somepeople enjoy opera while others / some find it
boring.[
NOT:Other people ...]
Someten million people live in London.
(= About ten million ...)
He
hardlyspeaks to anyoneabout his family.
She did everything
without any help from us.
You can borrow
anybook
you like.
Ask
anyoneyou want;
they’ll tell you I’m right.
I trust
no one.
Nopets are allowed in the hotel.
There’s
noreason for you to worry.
NOTE: Nobody/ No oneknew where he was.
[
NOT: Nobody / No one of them knew ...]
Noneof these books was / were written by Dickens.
OR: Not one ofthese books waswritten by ...
[
NOT:No one of these books ...]
Expressing Quantity
We’re going away for a couple of days.
[
many,(a) few,several,a number of,a couple of +
plural
nouns]
You need only
a small amount ofsugar for these biscuits.
[
much,(a) little,a great deal of,a small / large, etc.
amount of + uncountablenouns]
We’ve got
a lot / lots / plenty oforanges.
You’ll find
a lot / lots / plenty ofinformation on this
on the Internet.
Manytickets have remained unsold.
Muchwas said about their relationship.
There’s
too much noise in here.
[
very,too,so,how,as + many / muchin affirmative
sentences]
I haven’t seen
much ofhim recently.
Our views on the subject are
much the same.
He doesn’t work out
much.
Not many ofthe seats were taken.
As many asthree hundred people were invited to the
wedding.
As much as í100,000 was kept in the safe.
There are
so fewhouses for sale in this area it won’t
be easy to find something.
[
so,too,very,only a + few / little]
Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.
1
At the end of the month I have very little money left.
HARDLY At the end of the month ..........................
.........................................left.
2This cupboard is completely empty.
LEFT There’s ..............................................
cupboard.
3You know, not all of them came on the excursion.
SOME You know, ..............................................
come on the excursion.
4I’m afraid there isn’t anything we can say about it.
NOTHING I’m afraid ..............................................
say about it.
5Fortunately, not much damage was caused by the
fire.
VERY Fortunately, .............................................
was caused by the fire.
6‘There is little I can do,’ said the doctor.
MUCH ‘There ..............................................do,’
said the doctor.
7No one knows the answer to that question.
ANYONE There ..............................................the
answer to that question.
8He said not many rooms are vacant at present.
ONLY He said ..............................................are
vacant at present.
9I’m sure all the seats are taken.
NOT I’m sure ..............................................is
free.
10He ate hardly anything because he wasn’t feeling
well.
ALMOST He ..............................................
because he wasn’t feeling well.
(= it doesn’t matter
which / who)
}
5SOME - ANY - NO, EXPRESSING QUANTITY
SAMPLE
including the woincluding
tle money left.le money left.
.......................................
............left.left.
y empty.empty.
..........................................
d.
all of them came oof them came
You know, You know, ........
come on the excome on th
there isn’t athere isn’t
m afrm afr
P
onshi
e.
many / muchin
fhim recently.
subject are uch
k oumuch
e seats were tak
e hundred p
ng.
as í100,000
here areo fe
be easy to fin
[so,to

12. 11
Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.
1
My children are too irresponsible to look after a
puppy.
CARE My children aren’t ...................................
..................of a puppy.
2Our flat is as big as the Smiths’.
SAME The Smiths’ flat .................................ours.
3There were more tourists here in 2007 than in 2008.
AS There were ..............................................
here in 2008 as in 2007.
4John had not expected to find gardening so interesting.
IN John is .........................................................
he had expected.
5I couldn’t break the glass because it was too hard.
TOO The glass ..............................me to break.
6Our team has been luckier than theirs in this
tournament.
LUCK Their team hasn’t .......................................
ours in this tournament.
7They couldn’t catch the pickpocket because he ran
so fast.
TOO The pickpocket ran .............................catch.
8The furthest I can walk is two kilometres.
THAN I ........................................two kilometres.
9The salary was lower than I thought.
HIGH The salary ..............................................I
thought.
10The tea is so hot that I can’t drink it.
MUCH The tea is ..............................................me
to drink.
11He is the tallest person in the world.
TALLERHe is ..............................................in the
world.
12She’s easily the best singer in the group.
FAR She’s ..............................................in the
group.
13Your sister is really friendly, isn’t she?
WAY Your sister behaves ...................................,
doesn’t she?
14This is one of the highest buildings in Athens.
HIGH There are not ...............................................
as this one in Athens.
Adverbs
He works hard.
He could
hardlyspeak.
There’s
hardly anythingleft to do now.
I
hardly evergo to the cinema.
She came home
late.
Have you seen them
lately?
Don’t come
near.
I
nearlylost my temper.
How
highcan you jump?
We all think
highlyof you.
This is a
highlypaid job.
It’s
highlyunlikely that it will happen again.
They dug
deepto find water.
I was
deeplyhurt by your comments.
She is
silly. She behaves in a silly way / manner.
[
ALSO:cowardly, fatherly, motherly, lovely, friendly,
ugly, lively]
This
smells wonderful. [NOT:... smells wonderfully.]
[
ALSO:look, seem, sound, taste, feel]
Too - Enough
Alan istoo selfishto admit he’s wrong.
He woke up
too late to catch the 8.15 train.
■The book was too longto finish in one day.
OR: It was too long a book to finish in one day.
■There’s too much saltin the omelette.
[too much + noun]
It’s
much too coldto go for a walk.
[much too + adj.]
He isn’t
brave enoughto go there by himself.
He works out
often enoughto keep fit.
There’s
enough room to put an armchair here.
■The cake she made wasn’t big enough.
OR: She didn’t make a big enoughcake.
Comparison
The exam was more / lessdifficult thanI had expected.
That was
the most / leastexpensive bracelet ofall / in
the shop.
The post office is
farther / furtherdown the road.
For
furtherinformation, you can contact this number.
[
NOT:for farther information ...]
My
older / elder brother is an architect.
BUT:My brother is older thanme. [ NOT:... is elder ...]
I think it’s
a bit warmer today.
[much / a lot / far / even / a little /
a bit / slightly / any / no
He is by far the bestplayer in the team.
My car
is as fast asyours.
Her salary is
not as / so high asher husband’s.
Our house is
half / twice / three times as big astheirs.
In my opinion, cats
aren’t such goodpets asdogs.
The balloon went
higher and higherup in the air.
She’s getting
more and more excitedabout her trip to
Paris.
The longerI have to wait, the more anxiousI become.
Your watch is
the same as Jane’s.
I want a jacket
similar tothis one.
+ comparative
form]}
{
{
6ADVERBS, TOO - ENOUGH, COMPARISON
SAMPL
h two to five wordso to five wo
irresponsible to looresponsible to lo
ildren aren’t ren aren’t..........
.............of a puppyof a puppy
s as big as the Smi as big as the
The Smiths’ flat The Smiths’ fla
re more toure more tou
re weree were
n2
an con
mation ...]
is an architect.
er thme. [NOT:
ertoday
/ far / even / a litt
y / any / no
far the bestplaye
s as fast asyou
r salary isnot as /
Our house is
In my opinion
The ba
’s ge

13. 12
Forms of the infinitive
Active Passive
(to) write (to) be written
(to) be writing –
(to) have written (to) have been written
(to) have been writing –
Infinitive with ‘to’
I went to the bakery to buysome bread.
ALSO:... bakery so as to / in order to buy...
I didn’t call him
so as not to disturb / in order not to
disturb
him. [ NOT: ... him not to disturb ...]
He
asked to be givena second chance.
■I was glad to hearyou got promoted.
[
ALSO AFTER:anxious, happy, sorry, surprised, etc.]
It was difficult (for me) to acceptthe truth.
It was kind of him to offer us a lift.
■She was the first / second / last (one) to leavethe
office.
He’s
tooill / not well enough to leave hospital yet.
I rushed to his house,
only to find outhe had already
left.
Their
attempt to sailacross the Atlantic was unsuccessful.
Infinitive without ‘to’
Isawthem geton the bus.
[
ALSO AFTER:hear, watch, notice, observe, let, make]
BUT:They were seen to geton the bus. [in the passive]
[
ALSO AFTER:hear, make]
I’d
rather goto the cinema tonight.
You
’d better not tell anyone about it.
I’d
do anything but / except ironhis clothes.
[
ALSO AFTER:do nothing / everything but / except]
Why waittill tomorrow? Let’s ask him now.
Why not havea party on New Year’s Eve?
■I’ll help you (to) unpack.
Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.
1
My mother didn’t let me have dessert until I had
finished my dinner.
MADE My mother .............................................
my dinner before I had dessert.
2I suggest that you allow them to help you.
LET Why ...........................................help you?
3It looks as if she has injured her leg.
SEEMS She .............................................her leg.
4‘I won’t pay for the damage,’ Chris said.
REFUSEDChris .............................................for the
damage.
5I would prefer it if nobody else knew where I am.
WANT I don’t .....................................where I am.
6Steve doesn’t often wake up early on Sundays.
UNUSUALIt .............................................wake up
early on Sundays.
7Mary has difficulty studying in the library.
EASY It isn’t .............................................in the
library.
8The climbers didn’t succeed in reaching the top of
the mountain.
TO The climbers didn’t ....................................
the top of the mountain.
9Alex always appears to have something to worry
about.
WORRYINGAlex always appears ....................................
something.
10All he does is complain about his salary.
NOTHINGHe .............................................about his
salary.
11I heard Don tell her the news.
TELL Don .............................................her the
news.
12He wrote the number down so that he wouldn’t forget it.
ORDER He wrote the number down .......................
........................it.
13I don’t know why Greg changed his mind.
MADE I don’t know .............................................
his mind.
14Sue finished the race last of all.
LAST Sue was .............................................the
race.
15It seemed that she was feeling very depressed.
BE She seemed .............................................
very depressed.
7THE INFINITIVE
{
{
SAMPLE
uding the wud
I had had
........................
dessert.essert.
o help you.o help you
.....................................help
red her leg.her leg.
..................................................
e damage,’ Chris smage,’ Chris
..............................................
mage.
prefer it if nobody erefer it if nob
I don’t I don’t ...............
sn’t often wn’t often w
...
9A PA
night.
one about it
except ironhis clot
othing / everythin
morrow? Let’s ask
party on Ne
p you o) unpack
givgi

14. Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.
1
The police finally managed to find the stolen diamonds.
SUCCEEDEDThe police finally ......................................
the stolen diamonds.
2I won’t have a problem getting up at six, as I always
go to bed early.
USED I ......................................to bed early, so
I won’t have a problem getting up at six.
3Would you mind if I sat here?
TO Would you object ...........................here?
4He walked home and didn’t take a taxi.
INSTEAD He walked home ...........................a taxi.
5Laura sings and plays the guitar too.
WELL Laura sings .............................. the guitar.
6I wished I’d talked to them about my problems.
HAVING I regretted .............................................
to them about my problems.
7Could you look after my dog while I’m in France?
CARE Would you mind ......................................
my dog while I’m in France?
8I’m not in the mood to go out tonight.
LIKE I don’t ........................................tonight.
9She wrote the lyrics for the song and also sang it.
ADDITIONShe sang the song ....................................
the lyrics for it.
10The boat couldn’t set sail because of the strong winds.
PREVENTEDThe strong winds ......................................
............sail.
11The children are eager to watch the acrobats.
LOOKING The children ............................................
the acrobats.
12‘If you wanted to borrow my earrings, you should
have asked me first,’ said Cathy to her sister.
WITHOUT Cathy criticised her sister for having
............................................................her
first.
13It’s a waste of time to try to make him change his mind.
POINT There’s .............................................to
make him change his mind.
14It was difficult to convince them that I was innocent.
DIFFICULTYI .............................................them that I
was innocent.
15‘I’m sorry I broke your glasses,’ Tim said to Dad.
FOR Tim apologised .........................................
.............. his glasses.
16I shouldn’t bother to wash the car because it’s going
to rain.
WORTH It .............................................the car
because it’s going to rain.
8THE GERUND, INFINITIVE OR GERUND?
13
The gerund
Forms of the gerund
Active Passive
writing being written
having written having been written
Smokingcauses a lot of health problems.
Do you enjoy
dancing?
He left
without takinghis wallet with him.
You must
avoid eatingtoo much red meat.
[
ALSO AFTER:admit (to), consider, delay, deny, dislike,
fancy, finish, imagine, keep (on), mind, miss,
postpone, risk, suggest,
etc.]
Let’s
go shoppingthis evening.
It’s no use / good talkingto him. He won’t listen.
[
ALSO AFTER:what’s the use of, there’s no point (in),
what’s the point of, it’s (not) worth, can’t stand, can’t
/ couldn’t help, feel like, have difficulty (in),
etc.]
I’
m looking forward to seeingmy favourite band live.
[
ALSO AFTER: be / get used to, be / get accustomed to,
object to, take to, in addition to
]
■As well as doing the housework, she also cooks for us.
■This report needs / wants / requires checking.
(= needs to be checked)
■I dislikeMark / Mark’s / him / his asking questions
all the time.
Excuse me / my sayingso, but you don’t look well.
OR:Excuse me for sayingso, but ...
Forgive me / my shoutingat you.
OR: Forgive me for shoutingat you.
We must
prevent him / his findingout.
OR: We must prevent him from findingout.
Infinitive or gerund?
It started to rain / rainingearly in the morning.
[
ALSO AFTER:begin, continue, can’t bear]
I like
to read / readingbefore going to bed.
[
ALSO AFTER:love, hate, prefer]
BUT:I would like / love / hate / prefer to readone of
these books.
■Iprefer swimming to sunbathing.
I
prefer to swim rather than sunbathe.
I
would prefer to swim rather than sunbathe.
I
remember puttingthe keys in that drawer.
Did you
remember to sendthe e-mail?
I’ll never
forget visiting the Louvre.
I
forgot to feedthe goldfish yesterday.
She
stopped dancing professionally at the age of fifty.
We
stopped to admire the view and then continued
our trip.
Try callinghim again later.
I
tried to openthe window but it was stuck.
I
regret beingso rude to him.
I
regret to informyou that you have failed your driving
test.
Accepting this job
will mean travellinga lot.
I’m sorry. I
didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.{
{
{
SAMPLE
words, including twords, including
d the stolen diamond the stolen diamon
.........................................
onds.nds.
getting up at six, agetting up at six,
...................................................
n’t have a problemt have a proble
mind if I sat here?mind if I sat here?
Would you objecWould you o
ed home and didnd home and did
He walked He walked
nd pland pla
her tha
eys in that draw
end e-mail?
g the Lou
he goldfish yesterda
anciprofessiona
admire the
p
nghim again la
ied to openthe w
Iregret being
Iregret to info
test
ptin

15. 14
Can, Could, May, Might
She could / was able to speakthree languages when
she was fifteen.
BUT: The rescue team was able to savethe climbers.
(= managed to save) [
NOT:... team could save ...]
■‘Can / CouldI askyou a few questions?’ ‘Of course
you
can.’ [NOT:Of course you could.]
It
can raina lot here in winter.
BUT: It could / may / might rain tonight. [ NOT:It can ...]
He’s late. He
could / may / might have missedthe
bus.
You were very lucky; you
could / might have been
killed
.[NOT:...you may have been...]
■Hecan’t / couldn’t befrom Italy. He doesn’t speak
a word of Italian.
They
can’t / couldn’t have movedto Liverpool. I saw
them an hour ago.
Must
That boy looks a lot like Peter. Hemust be Peter’s
brother.
All the lights in the house are out. They
must have
gone
to bed.
■‘MustItakethe dog for a walk?’
‘Yes, you
must.’ / ‘No, youdon’t have to / needn’t.’
[
NOT:No, you mustn’t.]
■You mustn’t smokein here.(= it is forbidden)
You
don’t have to finisheverything today.
(= it isn’t necessary)
■He drives a Ferrari. He can’t bepoor.
[
NOT:He mustn’t be ...]
Shall I / we ...?
Shall I help
you make breakfast?
Shall we siton the veranda?
OR:How about / What about sittingon the veranda?
Where
shall I putthese books?
Should / Ought to
You should try/ ought to tryharder at school.
You
should have been / ought to have beenmore
honest with me.
■It’s ten o’clock so he shouldbe at work.
(= he is probably at work)
They left on the 8.15 train so they
should have
arrived
by now. (= I expect they have arrived)
■Why shouldI help her? She never helps me.
■‘Where is he from?’ ‘How shouldI know?’
■It is essentialthat he shouldsee this immediately.
OR:It is essential that he sees this ...
[
ALSO AFTER: important, necessary, vital, funny,
strange, natural, normal, astonishing,
etc.]
■They suggestedthat Ishouldspeak to Mr White.
OR: They suggested that I speak...
[
ALSO AFTER:insist, propose, demand, recommend]
Will / Would
I’ll helpyou with the washing-up.
Will / Wouldyou takethe rubbish out, please?
Willyou two stoptalking?
■He’ll havedinner in front of the TV every day.
■Grandpa would giveus sweets every time he visited us.
I’ve tried to warn her but she just
won’tlisten.
We offered to help them several times but they
wouldn’t
let us.
That day, she found out something that
wouldchange
her life.
Need
We need to buysome more fruit.
She
doesn’t need to worryabout anything.
DoI need to askfor permission?
You
needn’t bringany food with you.
Needhe callbefore he comes?
‘
NeedI bookearly?’ ‘Yes, you must.’ / ‘No, you
needn’t.’ [NOT: Yes, you need.]
‘
Mustwe leave now?’ ‘Yes, we must.’ / ‘No, you
needn’t/ don’t have to.’ [NOT: No, you mustn’t.]
We
need to set offearly, don’t we?
Mark
needs to seea doctor, doesn’t he?
He
needn’t comewith us, need he?
■Ididn’t need to takean umbrella; it wasn’t raining
when I left.
(= it wasn’t necessary; whether it happened or
not depends on the context)
I
needn’t have takenan umbrella; it didn’t rain after
all.(= it wasn’t necessary, but I did)
Dare
I like people who dare to saywhat they think.
She
doesn’t dare (to) confrontthem.
Doyou dare (to) goagainst his will?
I
daren’tthink of what may happen.
Darehe saythat in front of me?
■How dare youthreaten me?
Don’t you darespeak to me like that again.
■I dare say / daresaythey’ll be disappointed.
(= I suppose, I think)
Expressions Similar to Modal Verbs
be + infinitive with ‘to’
You are to reportto the manager immediately. (= must)
This lift
is not to beused by visitors.
be supposed + infinitive with ‘to’
You are supposed to booka table two weeks in
advance.(= should)
Children
are not supposed to swim in this pool.
be likely + infinitive with ‘to’
The situation is likely to get worse.
OR: It is likely that the situation will get worse.
9MODALS
main
verb
modal
verb
}{
{
{
{
{
{
}
main
verb
modal
verb
}
}
{
{
{
ut sittingon the
ooks?
t to tryhard
have been / ou
th me.
clock so he h
obably
e fruit.
rryabout anything
ermission
gany food with yo
fore he comes?
arly?’ ‘Yes, y
t. Yes, you n
leave now?’ ‘Y
ed/ don’t hav
We need to se
Marneeds to
enee
idn’

16. 15
Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.
1
‘Why don’t you ask for directions?’ said Anna to Tim.
SUGGESTEDAnna ..................................................ask
for directions.
2You can take part in this competition even if you
don’t buy the product.
NEED You ..................................................the
product to take part in this competition.
3It’s unlikely that he will come out of hospital tomorrow.
TO He isn’t ..................................................
out of hospital tomorrow.
4You did not chop enough wood for the fire.
OUGHT You ..................................................
more wood for the fire.
5The teacher says we have to write the answers in
pen.
MUST The teacher says the answers
..................................................in pen.
6I expect they were completely broke by the end of
their holidays.
MUST By the end of their holidays
..................................................broke.
7It was a mistake for you to lend them your camera.
SHOULD You ..................................................
them your camera.
8People say this film is very scary.
SUPPOSED This film ..................................................
very scary.
9It’s very unlikely that the train has left already.
HAVE The train ..................................................
yet.
10Fortunately, the ambulance managed to get there in
time.
WAS Fortunately, the ambulance .....................
..........................there in time.
11I left the note on his desk so I’m sure he read it.
MUST I left the note on his desk so ..................
................................it.
12You are not allowed to use mobile phones in here.
MUST You ..................................................
mobile phones in here.
13It’s not necessary to translate it for me.
DO You ..................................................
translate it for me.
14Michael doesn’t have enough courage to stand up
for himself.
DARE Michael ..................................................
up for himself.
15She bought more wine than was necessary for the party.
BOUGHT She ..................................................so
much wine for the party.
16It would have been better if you hadn’t argued with him.
SHOULD You ..................................................with
him.
17She must be told the truth; it’s essential.
THAT It’s ............................................................
told the truth.
18They didn’t visit him in hospital, although they should
have.
OUGHT They ..................................................him
in hospital.
19It’s possible that she didn’t recognise you.
MAY She ..................................................you.
20Perhaps she is sleeping now.
COULD She ..................................................now.
21Tim had a habit of biting his nails all the time.
WOULD Tim ..................................................all
the time.
22He should have watered the flowers yesterday, but he
didn’t.
SUPPOSED He ..................................................
flowers yesterday, but he didn’t.
23I would rather you had warned me about it.
HAVE You ..................................................
about it.
24You’re lucky you didn’t cut yourself, John.
MIGHT You’re lucky; you .....................................
yourself, John.
25I’m sure he is speaking to them now.
MUST He ..................................................to
them now.
26It isn’t necessary for them to return it, is it?
NEED They ..................................................
they?
27Shall we invite the Browns for dinner tonight?
ABOUT What ..................................................for
dinner tonight?
SAMPLE
........................
as left already.s left already.
......................................
ance managed to gance managed to
nately, the ambulanately, the ambula
....................................therethe
ote on his desk soote on his des
IIleft the note oft the not
..................
llowellowe
2222
PAGES
s essential.essent
........................................
th.th.
m in hospital, althoun hospital, althou
They hey ...............................
in hospital.hospita
ossible that she didnsible that she didn
Y She She .........
Perhaps she is slePerhaps she
COULDCOULD ShS
im had aim ha
LDLD

17. 16
Type 1 - sth possible in the present or future
If you don’t leaveme alone, I’ll callthe police.
If it’
s raining, we’ll stayin.
If she
has left, leaveher a note.
If you
feelsick, you must / should see a doctor.
If I
finishearly, Ican / may / mightjoin you.
■If / WhenI eat spicy food, Igetstomach ache.
■Ifyou shouldsee Ted, tell him the news.
(= If you happen to see ...)
Type 2 - sth unlikely / imaginary in the present or future
If I hada computer, Iwould / could sende-mails to
my friends.
If I
wasn’t / weren’t workingthis weekend, Iwould /
could / might go
skiing.
■If I was / were you, I’d look for a better job.
Type 3 - sth didn’t happen in the past
If they had receivedour letter, they would have
replied
.
If she
hadn’t reacted so quickly, the child might /
could have drowned
.
If it
hadn’t been rainingso heavily, the match
wouldn’t have been cancelled.
Inversion with: should / were / had
Should
you change your mind, give me a call.
WereI rich, I’d travel around the world.
Hadyou been more careful, you could have
avoided the accident.
Other tense combinations
If Iknewhe was in hospital, Iwould have visitedhim.
If you
hadn’t forgotten to take the map, we wouldn’t
be
lost now.
If they
leftat eight, they’ll behere soon.
Words / Expressions used instead of ‘if’
You can’t borrow these books unlessyou’re a member
of the library. (= ... if you aren’t a member ...)
You can take the car
provided / providing / on condition
(that)
you drive very carefully.
We’ll go on a picnic
as / so long as the weather is good.
Suppose / Supposing you saw a fire in the forest, what
would you do?
You should pack some warm clothes
in caseit gets /
it should get chilly at night.
■But formy family, I wouldn’t bea successful writer now.
But foryour support, Iwouldn’t have overcomemy
problems.
■In case of / In the event of an earthquake, use the
stairs.
■I’ll tell you only if you promise to keep it a secret.
■They won’t give you the money even ifyou beg them.
If + will / would
If
you will / would hold on, I’ll see if she’s here.
Ifyou won’tstop / willgo on shouting, you’ll get punished.
I
don’t know / I’m not sure / I doubt / I wonder if they
willlet us go early. (= ... whether they will let us ...)
■Ifyou would liketo speak to the manager, you must
wait. (= If you want to speak ...)
10CONDITIONALS
1If you promise not to lose my new earrings, you can
borrow them.
LONG You can borrow my new earrings
........................................not to lose them.
2You might get bored on the train, so you should take
a book with you.
CASE Take a book with you .................................
bored on the train.
3The doctor advised him to take some vitamin pills.
WERE ‘If ........................................take some
vitamin pills,’ said the doctor.
4We arrived late because there was a lot of traffic.
TURNED If there hadn’t been so much traffic, we
........................................time.
5Mark says he will only leave if Sarah agrees to go
with him.
UNLESS Mark has refused ........................................
with him.
6I couldn’t have started this business without the
í50,000 I borrowed from them.
IF I couldn’t have started this business
........................................me í50,000.
7It’s too hot for a walk today.
IF We could go for a walk ..............................
...............................hot today.
8It’s a good thing you warned me, or I wouldn’t have
known what to do.
YOU I wouldn’t have known what to do .............
................................................me.
9Only if she returns it by Friday will I let her have it.
CONDITIONI’ll let her have it .......................................
..............it by Friday.
10If you take me with you, I’ll pay for the petrol.
PROVIDEDI’ll pay for the petrol ...................................
me with you.
11Mum thought I might need a phonecard so she
bought me one.
CASE Mum bought me a phonecard ....................
...................one.
12If Debbie doesn’t practise more, she’ll never get into
the team.
DOES Debbie will never get into the team
........................................more practice.
13I didn’t know it was her birthday so I didn’t buy her
a present.
BOUGHT If I had known it was her birthday, I
........................................her a present.
14‘I will cut the grass only if you give me some pocket
money,’ said my son.
NOT ‘I will ........................................you give
me some pocket money,’ said my son.
Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.
{
SAMPLE
new earrings, you new earrings, you
w my new earringsy new earr
......................................not toot t
d on the train, so yon the train, so y
a book with you book with you
red on the train.n the train.
or advised him to tr advised him
‘If ‘If.................................
vitamin pills,vitamin pil
ate becaate beca
ere
ve words, includinge words, including
fire in
m clothesin ca
night
ouldn’t besu
pport,wouldn’t h
the event o
you only if
hey won’t give you
If + will / wou
Ifyou will / wo
ou w
tkn

18. 17
11UNREAL PAST, WOULD RATHER - HAD BETTER
1I’m now sorry I didn’t speak to her.
WISH I now .........................................to her.
2Please, don’t deliver the cake after six o’clock.
RATHER I .........................................the cake before
six o’clock.
3I’m sorry that I wasn’t able to pick you up from the
station yesterday.
COULD I wish .........................................you up
from the station yesterday.
4Leo wants to travel around Europe instead of finding
a job.
RATHER Leo .........................................Europe than
find a job.
5I’m sorry, but I don’t want to go dancing tonight.
RATHER I’m sorry, but .........................................
dancing tonight.
6You should learn to use a computer now.
TIME It’s .................................................use a
computer.
7Martin regrets not trying harder at school.
WISHES Martin .............................harder at school.
8It’s almost midnight, so you ought to go to bed.
BETTER It’s almost midnight, so you ......................
to bed.
9I regret telling John about the trip.
WISH I..................................John about the trip.
10It’s a pity you didn’t water the plants.
ONLY If .........................................the plants.
11He should have told us beforehand.
BETTER It .........................................he had told us
beforehand.
12My sister regretted getting married so young.
RATHER My sister .........................................got
married so young.
13We are not going to the seaside with them, although
we’d love to.
WISH We .......................................to the seaside
with them.
14Ron, could you please stop complaining?
WISH Ron, ...............................stop complaining.
Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.
Unreal past
(Present / Future)
Ifhe were/ wasrich, he wouldn’t have to work.
I
wishIcouldhelp you.
■Iwish we travelledto Spain every summer.
BUT: I wish we were travellingto Spain this summer.
If onlyIknewwhere she is.
I
would rather you wenthome now.
It’s (high / about) timeyou two stoppedarguing.
OR:It’s time for youtwo to stoparguing.
[
NOT:It’s high / about time for you two to stop arguing.]
■Suppose/ Supposinghe asked you out, what would
you say?
■He behaves as if / as thoughhe werethe boss, but
he’s actually just an accountant.
■wish + different subject + would (wish for a future
change / request, implying dissatisfaction or lack of
hope)
I
wishit would stopraining.
She
wishesthe children wouldn’t spendso much
time watching TV.
■Mrs Berg wishes to seeyou. (= wants)
■He wished me luck.
(Past)
Ifhe had drivenmore carefully, he wouldn’t have
crashed the car.
I
wishIhad listenedto you.
If onlythey hadn’t broughttheir children with them
last night.
She
would rather the workers had finishedlast week.
Suppose / Supposing something had gonewrong,
what would have happened?
She looks
as if / as thoughshehad seena ghost.
■[It’s (high / about) time cannot be followed by the past
perfect.]
Would rather
(Present / Future)
I’d rather play chess (thanwatch TV).
[
NOT:I’d rather to play ...]
He’
d rather not drivethere.
I’
d rather be havingcoffee with my
friends
than (be) workingright now.
I’
d rather you pickedme up at seven.
[
NOT:I’d rather you to pick ...]
I’
d rathershe didn’t borrowmy things
all the time.
(Past)
I’d rather have goneto the cinema
last night.
They
would rather not have spent
so much money on furniture.
He
would ratherIhad toldhim
about my problem.
I’
d rathermy brother hadn’t lost
the tickets.
■[Would soonercan be used instead of would rather.]
■I’d rather callhim thansend him e-mails.
OR: I’d prefer to call him rather thansend him e-mails.
ALSO:I prefer callinghim to sendinghim e-mails.
Had better
(Present / Future)
You’d better getthe car serviced tomorrow.
[
NOT: You’d better to get ...]
OR:It would be better (for you) to get the car ...
She’d better not dothat again.
Hadwe better takea taxi?
■It would have been better ifyou had woken
up earlier.
OR:It would have been better (for you)
to have woken
up earlier.
same
subject
}
different
subjects
}
same
subject
}
different
subject
}
(Past)
}
SAMP
n’t speak to her.speak to her.
...................................................
deliver the cake aftver the cake af
............................................
six o’clock.six o’clock.
y that I wasn’t abthat I wasn’t a
sterday.terday.
wish ish.
th
th two to five wordth two to five wo
wee
g
gho
lowed by the past
S
ema
ve spent
urniture.
d toldhim
lem.
rothhadn’t lost
can be used
er callhim
OR: I’d prefer to cal
ALSOprefer c
Had bet
sent
be
sam
ubj

19. 18
Tenses
These carsare madein Japan.
Wasthe bill paidyesterday?
The book
will be published next month.
The bridge
has been repaired.
Hadthe report been checked?
The locks
won’t have been changedby then.
The curtains
are being ironednow.
The floor
was being moppedat the time.
Modals / Be going to
The windows should be cleaned.
When
isthe lift going to be repaired?
Imperative
Rooms must be bookedwell in advance.
These plants
mustn’t be watered too often.
Infinitive / Gerund
I’d like these trousers to be shortened.
The suitcases should
have been packedyesterday.
I dislike
being toldwhat to do.
Questions
What was discussed at the meeting?
Who wereyouinformed by?
OR:By whom wereyou informed?
What wasthe fire caused by?
OR:By what wasthe fire caused?
Two objects
The students were given
a lot of homework.
OR:A lot of homework was givento the students.
[
ALSO WITH:bring, buy, tell, send, show, offer, lend,
promise, teach,
etc.]
Personal / Impersonal Construction
Black cats are considered to bring
bad luck.
OR:It is considered that black cats bringbad luck.
He is thought to have liedin court.
OR:It is thought that he lied in court.
[
ALSO WITH:believe, report, say, expect, find, know,
etc.]
Let - See - Hear - Make
They lethim go. ➝He was allowed to go.
We
saw / heardthem argue. ➝They were seen /
heard to argue
.
They
madehim confess. ➝He was made to confess.
By / With
The money was found bythe police.
He was hit
bya lorry.
He was stabbed
witha kitchen knife.
Verbs followed by prepositions
Grandpa is going tobe operated ontomorrow.
I don’t like
being stared at.
The passive with ‘get’
Weget paidat the end of the month.
The window
got brokenin the storm.
You’d better lock the car or it might
get stolen.
■Your hairneeds / wants cutting. (= needs to be cut)
■ Thereare some letters to post / to be posted.
12THE PASSIVE
1People say that boy has found the treasure.
SAID That boy is ..........................the treasure.
2Thick fog meant that planes could not take off.
PREVENTEDPlanes .........................................off by
thick fog.
3The detective is looking into the case of the stolen
painting.
INVESTIGATEDThe case of the stolen painting
.........................................the detective.
4Everyone thinks that Palmer will win the race.
EXPECTED Palmer is .........................................of
the race.
5The fees include the cost of books.
IS The cost of books ...................................
the fees.
6It was raining heavily, so they postponed the trip to
the zoo.
OWING The trip to the zoo ...................................
the heavy rain.
7They aren’t closing down that factory until next month.
BEING That factory .........................................
until next month.
8My parents didn’t let me play video games when I
was younger.
ALLOWED I .........................................video games
when I was younger.
9Young people aren’t watching as much TV these days.
WATCHED Not so much TV ....................................
young people these days.
10Is painting the house this weekend really necessary?
HAVE Does the house .......................................
this weekend?
11I took these photos while I was visiting Prague.
WERE These photos .........................................
visit to Prague.
12They are going to suggest a new plan at the meeting.
PUT A new plan .........................................
forward at the meeting.
13Who has written this article?
BEEN By .........................................written?
14Children under 14 are not allowed to use the lift.
MUST The lift .........................................by
children under 14.
15I don’t like people giving me orders.
BEING I.........................................orders.
Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.
SAMPL
lend,
ound the treasure.d the treas
..............................................
at planes could noanes could no
es s .........................................
hick fog.og.
tive is looking into tive is looking
.
EDDThe case ofThe case of
..............
st
o to five words, inco to five words, inc
was m
bythe police.
itha kitchen knife
by prepositions
g toope
ke being stared a
he passive with ‘ge
Weget paidat
The windgo
u’d b

20. 19
The ‘causative’ use of have / get
Tenses
She has / getsher nails polishedonce a week.
(She
doesn’t have / get ..., Doesshe have/ get...?)
They
had/ gottheir roof repaired.
(They
didn’t have/ get..., Didthey have/ get...?)
He
will have / gethis tooth filledtomorrow.
I
haven’t had / gotmy passport renewedyet.
He
hadalready had/ gotthe locks changed.
We
will have had / gotthe furniture deliveredby then.
She
is having / getting her portrait painted.
They
were having / getting new carpets fitted.
I
will be having / getting my eyes checked.
Imperative
Have / Get
the parcel sentimmediately.
Don’t have / get your hair cutshort.
Modals / Be going to
Youshould have / getyour blood pressure takenmore
often.
I
may have / get a new suit made.
She
is going to have / get the garden watered
tomorrow.
■I had / got my purse stolen yesterday.
(sth unpleasant which we did not plan)
■I hadthe children put awaytheir toys.
OR: I gotthe children to put awaytheir toys.
Conjunctions
Both
French andEnglish are spoken in Canada.
I like
bothfootball andbasketball.
We'll go to
eitherMalta orCyprus this summer.
EitherPaul orDavid can drive you home.
Neithermy mum normy dad knows / knowhow to
use a computer.
BUT:Neithermy friends normy relatives werethere.
Neithereggs norcheese areallowed in this diet.
Whetherwe go out orstay at home makes no
difference to me.
I have no idea
whetherhe saw the note or not.
OR: I have no idea whether or nothe saw the note.
He is
not onlya colleague but alsoa good friend.
OR:He is not onlya colleague but a good friend too /
as well
.
They
not only drove me to the station but alsohelped
me carry my luggage.
OR: Not only did they driveme to the station ...
She had
no soonersaid that thanshe regretted it.
OR:No sooner had she saidthat than...
13THE ‘CAUSATIVE’ USE OF HAVE / GET, CONJUNCTIONS
1Someone broke into their flat the other day.
HAD They ............................................into
the other day.
2Did the hairdresser dye her hair blonde?
DYED Did she ............................................
blonde?
3‘Not only is she pretty, but also clever,’ he said.
BOTH ‘She ............................................,’ he
said.
4The plumber is fixing our tap at the moment.
FIXED We ............................................at the
moment.
5I haven’t been for an eye test for over six years.
HAD I have ............................................for
over six years.
6We were sent home as soon as we arrived.
SOONER We ............................................we were
sent home.
7They are going to hire someone to paint their house
this summer.
HAVE They are going ........................................
this summer.
8The workers won’t replace the roof until next month.
REPLACED We will ............................................until
next month.
9Can you tell us if you’re interested or not?
OR Can you tell us ........................................
interested?
10How often is your car serviced?
HAVE How often ............................................
serviced?
11Mrs Carter’s students were made to do a test.
HAD Mrs Carter ............................................a
test.
12He persuaded his son to cut the grass.
GOT He ............................................the
grass.
13The children were both dirty and hungry when they
got home.
ONLY The children were ...................................
hungry when they got home.
14The story wasn’t funny or interesting.
NEITHER The story ............................................
interesting.
Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.
=
ask / persuade /
make sb do sth}
the other day.he other d
.......................................
ye her hair blonde?e her hair blonde?
........................................
e?e?
he pretty, but also retty, but also
‘She She.....................
said.said
mber is fixing ouber is fixing o
We We..........
omeome
ive words, includinve words, includ
ask
make
the no
nohe saw
e but alsoa good
olleague but a goo
ove me to the stat
luggage.
d they drive
no soonsaid th
oner had sh

21. 20
Reported Speech
‘I like tennis,’ he said. ➝He said (that) he likedtennis.
‘I’m going home,’ she said to me. ➝She told me
(that) she
was goinghome.
‘I’ll see you tonight,’ he said. ➝He said (that) he
wouldsee usthat night.
‘They arrived yesterday,’ she said. ➝She said (that)
they
had arrivedthe previous day / the day before.
‘He can help us,’ I said. ➝I said (that) he
couldhelp us.
[
may➝might, must ➝must / had to, shall➝should,
need
➝had to, needn’t➝needn’t / didn’t have to]
‘Why are you crying?’ he said to me. ➝He
asked me /
wanted to know
why I was crying.
‘Did you tell everyone?’ he said. ➝He asked
if/
whether I had toldeveryone.
‘Stay here,’ he said to us. ➝He
told / asked / ordered
us to staythere.
‘Don’t trust her,’ he said to me. ➝He
told/ warned
me not to trusther.
‘I wish I had a car,’ he said. ➝He said he
wishedhe
hada car.
Verbs used instead of say / tell
‘No, I didn’t read your diary,’ he said to her. ➝He
denied reading / having readher diary.
‘I’m sorry I broke your glasses,’ she said to me. ➝She
apologised for breaking my glasses.
‘If I were you, I’d see a doctor,’ she said to me. ➝She
advisedmeto see a doctor.
‘Let’s have a party,’ he said. ➝He
suggested havinga
party ... / suggested (that) we have / had a party.
[
ALSO:admit (to), promise, refuse, complain, offer,
inform, invite,
etc.]
Relative Clauses
The man who / thatwon the lottery gave half of the
money to charity.
The people
(whom / who / that) we met on the train
were from Sweden.
An ostrich is a bird
which / thatcan’t fly.
I haven’t read the book
(which / that)you lent me yet.
He was an actor
whosetalent was remarkable.
The woman
to whomI spoke promised to help me.
OR:The woman (who / that)I spoke topromised to
help me.
That’s the church
wherewe got married.
OR:That’s the church in whichwe got married.
OR:That’s the church (which / that) we got married in.
■The manwho / that lives upstairs is a dentist.
(defining relative clause - no commas)
Mr Jackson,
wholives upstairs, is a dentist.
(non-defining relative clause - commas)
■He was born in a town the name of whichis
impossible for me to remember.
OR:He was born in a town whosename is impossible
for me to remember.
■He’s got hundreds of stamps,many of which are
very rare.
They interviewed several candidates,
none of whom
was suitable for the position.
I’ve got four cousins,
all of whomare younger than
me.
14REPORTED SPEECH, RELATIVE CLAUSES
1‘I want to read the paper - have you finished with it?’ he asked his wife.
FINISHED He asked his wife ................................
....................with the paper.
2‘Do not touch that button,’ Laura said to the child.
NOT Laura ........................................................
touch that button.
3All the students handed in their assignments on
time, apart from Susan.
WHO Susan was the .........................................
hand in her assignment on time.
4This is the town where I lived two years ago.
WHICH This is the town ......................................
..................two years ago.
5Two men she had never seen before were waiting to
see her.
NEITHER Two men, ............................................
seen before, were waiting to see her.
6The exam, whose results will be posted shortly, was
very difficult.
OF The exam, ............................................
will be posted shortly, was very difficult.
7‘No, I won’t lend you my new jeans,’ my sister said
to me.
REFUSED My sister ................................new jeans.
8The country with the red flag is China.
WHOSE The country ............................................
is China.
9‘I’ll call you back, Sam,’ she said.
TOLD She ............................................call him
back.
10He said, ‘I wish I lived somewhere else.’
WISHED He said ............................................
somewhere else.
11‘What do you do for a living?’ I said to him.
ASKED I ............................................for a living.
12‘Let’s wait for him here,’ she said.
SUGGESTEDShe ..........................................................
there.
13Jenny didn’t paint those pictures on the wall.
WHO It ......................................those pictures
on the wall.
14‘Your flight has been delayed,’ the man said to us.
INFORMED The man ............................................
been delayed.
Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.
SAMPLE
ga
y.
offer
ve you finished wite you finished wit
wife e.................................
.....with the paper.with the paper.
button,’ Laura saidton,’ Laura said
...........................................
ch that button.that button.
dents handed in thedents handed in th
art from Susan.rt from Susan.
Susan was thSusan was t
hand in hehand in h
wn wwn w
ive words, includinve words, includ
t marri
we got ma
hich / that) e go
lives upstairs is a
ve clause - no com
holives upstairs, is
ng relative clause
n a town th
ossible for me to
was born in
for me
■He’s got hun
ver
ey in

22. 21
Time
Ask him to call me the moment / minute (that) he gets
here.
[
NOT:... the moment / minute (that) he will get here.]
Grandma would give me sweets
wheneverIvisitedher.
[
NOT:... whenever I would visit her.]
[
ALSO WITH:before, after, as soon as, as long as,
when, till / until, while, by the time, as, just as,
since, ever since, hardly / scarcely ... when,
no sooner ... than,
etc.]
Reason
He wasn’t given the positionbecause of / on account
of / due to / owing to
his lack of experience.
OR:He wasn’t given the position because of / on
account of / due to / owing to the fact that
he
didn’t have any experience.
Now that they’ve moved house we don’t see
them very often.
Purpose
I told him a joke to cheer / so as to cheer / in order to
cheer
him up.
She sat under an umbrella
so as not to get / in order
not to get
sunburnt.
[
NOT:... umbrella not to get sunburnt.]
Wash this jumper in cold water
so that / in order that
it doesn’t / won’t
shrink.
ALSO:Wash this jumper in cold water to avoidit shrinking.
He studies really hard
so that / in order that his marks
can / may / willimprove.
They set off early
so that / in order thatthey could /
would
get there before lunchtime.
■She bought some paint to decoratethe kitchen.
OR: ... paint so as to / in order to decoratethe
kitchen. [same subject]
She bought some paint
for her husband to decorate
the kitchen. [different subjects]
OR: ... so that her husband could decorate the
kitchen.
■I won’t wear this bracelet for fear (that) I will /
might lose
it.
He wore a hat and dark glasses
for fear (that)
someone might / would recognisehim.
He didn’t tell the children
for fear of upsetting
them.
■This is a machinefor slicingbread.
He got a knife
to slicethe bread with.
Result
such (a / an) (+ adjective) + noun (+that)
He is such a clever boy (that)it’s a pleasure to be
teaching him.
They are
such friendly people (that) we all like them.
There’s
such heavy traffic (that)we’ll definitely be late.
He is
such an idiot (that)you can’t trust him to do the
job properly.
so + adjective / adverb (that)
The children were so excitedabout the trip (that) they
couldn’t sleep.
She performed
so well (that) she won first prize.
■It was such a heavy box (that) I couldn’t lift it on my
own.
OR:It was so heavy a box (that)I couldn't lift it on
my own.
so + many / much / few / little + noun (that)
such + a lot of + noun (that)
There was so muchfog (that) we couldn’t see anything.
OR:There was such a lot of fog(that) ...
I’ve got
so littletime (that) I can’t help you now.
Contrast / Concession
Although / Even though
he had a map, he got lost.
He had a map. He got lost,
though.
He had a map.
However / Nevertheless, he got lost.
in spite of / despite + noun / gerund / the fact that
In spite of / Despite
their wealth, they never give
money to the poor.
In spite of / Despitebeing wealthy, they never give
money to the poor.
In spite of / Despite the fact that they are wealthy,
they never give money to the poor.
Whateverhe says / may say, I won’t believe him.
OR:No matter what he says / may say, I won’t believe
him.
[
ALSO WITH:where, how, who, which]
Manner
He sounds as if / as thoughhe comesfrom the south.
(he may be)
She acts
as if / as though she weremy mother.
(but she isn’t)
Do
asyou please.
She sings
likean angel.
15CLAUSES OF: TIME, REASON, PURPOSE, RESULT, CONTRAST / CONCESSION, MANNER
tha
king
hat his marks
thaheyuld /
time.
oratethe k
order to decorat
paint for her hus
rent subjects
at her husban
ar this brac
t
he won first
x (that) I couldn’t
vy a box (that)I c
y / much / few / li
lot of + noun (t
so muchfo
R:There was
I’ve gotso little
ast

23. 22
1If the exercises hadn’t been so difficult, I would have
been able to do them.
SUCH They .........................................................
I couldn’t do them.
2The meeting was held despite the president’s
absence.
PLACE The meeting .............................................
the president was absent.
3As it had started to snow, the match was postponed.
PUT The match ................................................
the snow.
4Leo took the train because he did not want to get
stuck in traffic.
THAT Leo took the train ....................................
not get stuck in traffic.
5I had to type up all the reports before I could leave.
UNTIL I ...............................................................
had typed up all the reports.
6We drew the curtains to prevent the sunlight from
coming in.
SO We drew the curtains ..............................
........................not come in.
7Sarah was too tired to go out.
THAT Sarah was ................................................
not go out.
8Although he was ill, he competed in the race.
ILL Despite ..................................................,
he competed in the race.
9The weather was so bad that the ships couldn’t sail.
WAS There ..................................................
that the ships couldn’t sail.
10I kept quiet because I didn’t want to upset her.
NOT I kept quiet ............................................
her.
11We went to the beach despite the bad weather.
EVEN We went to the beach .............................
............................bad.
12He appeared to be in need of some rest.
THOUGH He looked ...............................................
some rest.
13The meal was cheap, but it was tasty.
THAT In spite ...................................................
the meal was cheap, it was tasty.
14So that she could buy a new computer, Jane saved
fifty euros a month.
ORDER Jane saved fifty euros a month ................
...............................able to buy a new
computer.
15Peter failed the test in spite of being well prepared
for it.
ALTHOUGH Peter failed the test ................................
............................................for it.
16We jumped over a wall in order not to be seen.
FEAR We jumped over a wall ..........................
................................................seen.
17The moment I get there, I’ll give you a call.
SOON I’ll give you a call .....................................
there.
18Annie won’t listen to you whatever you say.
MATTER Annie won’t listen to you ........................
...................................say.
19Mary was such a careless driver that she caused a lot
of accidents.
DROVE Mary ..................................................she
caused a lot of accidents.
20He has health problems and can’t work any more.
ACCOUNT He can’t work any more .........................
health problems.
Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.
SAMPLE
.......................
...................................................
competed in the raeted in the
................................................
mpeted in the race.mpeted in the rac
r was so bad that twas so bad that
There Ther................
that the shipsthat the ship
ecausecaus
171
PAGES
p, it p,
new computer, Janew computer,
aved fifty euros a mved fifty euros a m
..................................................aba
computer.omputer.
failed the test in spailed the test in sp
t.
ALTHOUGHLTHOUGH Peter faPeter f
....
We jumpeWe ju

24. 23
16PARTICIPLES, INVERSION
1I realised I had forgotten my wallet only after I left.
DID Only after ............................................I
had forgotten my wallet.
2I had never seen such a bad accident before.
SEEN Never ............................................such a
bad accident.
3We couldn’t speak French, so we found an
interpreter.
ABLE Not ............................................, we
found an interpreter.
4It took me four days to paint the house.
SPENT I ............................................the house.
5You shouldn’t do that under any circumstances.
NO Under ............................................that.
6She had to use a neighbour’s phone as hers was out
of order.
BEING Her phone ............................................
had to use a neighbour’s.
7As well as leaving his keys at work, he lost his
umbrella.
LEAVE Not only ............................................at
work, but he also lost his umbrella.
8They were making so much noise that the whole
street woke up.
WERE So ............................................that the
whole street woke up.
9Vegetables are good for your health when you eat
them fresh.
EATEN Vegetables ............................................
good for your health.
10I could never be so mean to you, not for any reason.
ACCOUNT On ............................................be so
mean to you.
11People who apply for the job must be over twenty.
APPLYING People ............................................must
be over twenty.
12It was such a dirty restaurant that I’ll never go again.
WAS Such a dirty restaurant ............................
I’ll never go again.
Complete each sentence with two to five words, including the word given.
Participles
Forms
present participle:
cleaning, taking
past participle:cleaned, taken
perfect participle:active: having cleaned,
having taken
passive: having been cleaned,
having been taken
Present participles
I sawthem leaving.
We
feltthe ground shaking.
[
ALSO WITH: hear, watch, notice, smell]
■We saw / heard / watched / noticedthem talkingto
the manager.(= saw / heard, etc. part of the
action)
We
saw / heard / watched / noticedthem talkto the
manager. (= saw / heard, etc. the whole action)
They
foundthe escaped prisoner hidingin the
forest.
[
ALSO WITH:catch, leave]
Dad is
busy checking the bills right now.
We
spenthours wanderingaround the streets of
Rome.
He
wastedall his fortune gambling.
Past participles
Exhausted
by the long journey, he fell asleep right
away. (= As he was exhausted ...)
Perfect participles
Having thought
about what you said, I decided not to
do anything for the time being.
Having been paintedrecently, the house looked really
nice.
Participles replacing clauses
The man drivingthe car was rather old.
(= The man who was driving ...)
The jewellery
keptin the safe is priceless.
(= The jewellery which is kept in the safe ...)
I hurt my back
(while) cleaningup the garage.
(= ... while I was cleaning up ...)
After swimming / After having swum/ Having swum
in the cold sea, he felt refreshed.
(= After he had swum ...)
Having left her keys at work, she couldn’t get into her
flat. (= As she had left ...)
Not wanting to scare them, he didn’t say anything.
(= Because he didn’t want to scare them, ...)
Usedday and night, this cream will help you look
younger. (= If it is used day and night ...)
Inversion
Never (before) have I met
with such rudeness.
[
ALSO WITH:rarely, seldom, hardly / scarcely ... when,
no sooner ... than
]
Only in this way will he realisehow serious the
situation is. [
ALSO WITH:only in, only by, only then,
not only ... but also
]
Only aftershe spoke to the doctor did her fears
disappear
.[ALSO WITH:only if / when, not until]
Under no circumstances must you revealthe plan to
anyone. [
ALSO WITH: not often, not once, at no time,
on no account
]
Little did he know that the police were after him.
So upset was shethat she couldn’t stop crying.
So beautifully did she sing that we were all amazed.
Such a lovely day was itthat I didn’t want to go to work.
SAMP
forgotten my wallrgotten my wa
Only after Only after ...........
had forgotten mhad forgott
ever seen such a er seen such a
Never Ne.....
bad accad acc
nce with two to fivece with two to fi
ht
d, I decided not to
the house l
didn’t
o scare them
ream will help y
ed day and night .
have I met with s
rely, seldom
than
his way will
ituation is. [ALSO W
not only ... b
Only af
sapp

25. 24
Practice Test 1
READING
PART 1
You are going to read an extract from a novel. For questions 1-8, choose the answer (A, B, Cor D) which you think
fits best according to the text.
A MATTER OF LIFE AND DEATH
Neil Sanders was a prisoner. He had committed a crime while on duty as a soldier and was being
taken to prison by an officer, Captain Bilham. As it happened, they were both from Scotland.
However, Neil came from the Highlands, while Captain Bilham had been born in Glasgow.
Nevertheless, they had agreed to forget their differences as the train journey was long and it would
be easier for them both if they didn't argue.
What really helped them get on well was Neil's pocket chess set. They played game after game
-
probably over a hundred in all -and they were both about the same level. Captain Bilham could
remember openings and endings from some of the great games in the history of chess. He had a
wonderful memory and liked teaching; he said that was what made him such a good officer.
They started talking together, almost becoming friends. They were on a train crossing Egypt, where
the British army was stationed at that period of World War II. When they got to Cairo they would
never see each other again. Bilham told Neil that he was being sent there on a special mission, but
he wouldn't go into details about it. Neil would be put in prison. He might even be hanged.
As they talked, Captain Bilham started to feel that Neil wasn't a bad person at all - that although Neil
had shot and killed a British army officer he shouldn't really be a prisoner. But the circumstances
were unusual. The officer had been stupid: he had tried to force his men into a situation where they
would all be killed. The officer, it seemed, had gone mad. He had even pulled out his gun and
threatened to shoot his own men if they refused to approach the enemy. Neil, a sergeant, had seen
very clearly that the officer was going to get them all killed. There had been a battle going on; guns
had been firing all round them. Neil had shot the officer, saving the lives of the twenty men in his
company but perhaps sacrificing his own.
He would probably be hanged for this crime. The court might give him twenty years in prison, but
Captain Bilham doubted it. This was wartime, and even though Neil's superior officer had been a
complete fool, he had still been an officer.
Suddenly, Captain Bilham felt ill. His face turned white and he started sweating. His hand went to
his chest. Neil wondered if he might have heart problems. Captain Bilham asked him to get some
white tablets out of his bag, and Neil jumped up to do so. But when he turned round with the small
bottle in his hand, he saw that Captain Bilham had stopped breathing. He was half lying on his seat,
his eyes still open
-but he was obviously dead. Neil's first reaction was to feel sorry for him.
Then he began to feel afraid. They would think he had done it!
SAMPLE
in
eriod of
Neil that he
would be p
am started to feel t
sh army officer
er had bee
d. The officer, it
ot his own men
hat the officer wa
ng all round t
any but perha
ould proba
Bilham
PAGES
ldier and was
re both from Sco
been born in
ourney was long a
s set. They playe
he same le
reat games in
was what made
hey

26. 25
1What is suggested about the way people from different parts of Scotland sometimes behave towards each other?
AThey have different ways of behaving.
BThey sometimes argue with each other.
CThey generally play chess.
DThey try to get on.
2Captain Bilham
Aliked explaining things.
Bused to be a teacher.
Ccheated when he played chess by remembering old games.
Dwon most of the chess games they played.
3Neil had shot an officer
Awho had been behaving irresponsibly.
Bbecause he hadn’t wanted to fight.
Cbecause the officer had shot at him.
Dbecause he had wanted to be an officer himself.
4In what way had Neil perhaps sacrificed his own life?
AHe had risked being shot by the officer.
BThe other men might have shot him.
CHe could have been killed in the fighting.
DHe might now be executed.
5Why did Captain Bilham think Neil would be hanged?
Ato show that men must always obey officers
Bbecause Neil was afraid to fight
Cbecause the officer had been a fool
Dbecause it would be easier than putting him in prison for twenty years
6Why did Captain Bilham's hand go to his chest?
Ato find his tablets
Bbecause he felt hot
Cto unbutton his jacket
Dbecause he felt a pain there
7How did Neil immediately feel when he realised that Captain Bilham was dead?
Ahopeful that he might escape
Bpity for him
Cworried that he would be blamed
Drelieved that he was dead
8At the end of the extract, what did Neil think people would assume?
Athat he had killed the Captain
Bthat the Captain had died of a heart attack
Cthat Neil had stolen the tablets
Dthat Neil was afraid
Reading - Part 1Practice Test 1
SAMPLE
g.g.
uld be hanged?ld be hanged?
ways obey officerss obey officers
to fightto fight
d been a foold been a f
be easier than putte easier tha
am's hand go to hm's hand go to
tabletsts
e he felt hothe felt ho
unbutton his jacketunbutton his jacke
because he felt a pecause he felt
eil immediimmed
ful thflth
PAGES

27. PART 2
You are going to read an article about education. Seven sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from
the sentences A-H the one which fits each gap (9-15). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.
A LESSON IN EDUCATION
You could say that the modern education system in Britain is based on equality. All boys and girls,
whether they are wealthy or not, are entitled to an education. However, it was not always like this.
In the early Middle Ages, education was mainly the responsibility mainly of the church. It
was, therefore, only boys intending to become priests or monks who benefited from formal learning.
Grammar schools followed in the 12th century. First opened by the church to teach Latin grammar
to boys, by the 16th century such schools also taught the languages and literature of the ancient
Greeks and Romans. However, they were no longer run solely by the clergy, but by merchant and
trade associations as well. In fact, before the late 1800s, girls had little or no opportunity at
all to receive a formal education.
The poorer classes were also discriminated against. While the sons of wealthier families attended
exclusive ‘public schools’, the majority of the poor stayed at home. This problem was first
addressed in the 1700s with the introduction of ‘charity schools’ which provided free teaching and
clothing for the children of the poor. A type of modern-day ‘monitor’ can still be found in
some British schools today.
In 1870, elementary education was introduced by William Forster. ‘Elementary’ means basic, and the
aim was to teach students the basics of reading, writing and arithmetic, or the three ‘Rs’ as they were
known. Unlike charity schools, which were located mainly in towns and cities, primary schools were
built throughout the country so that more children could receive an elementary education. Many
children, however, were still unable to go to these schools; since their families were so poor, they
had to work instead. All children, male and female, whether wealthy or not, had to attend
primary school until the age of eleven.
In 1918, a new law was introduced to raise the school-leaving age. It meant that any student who
failed to be accepted into grammar school would still be entitled to a free education up until the age
of fourteen. Students now had to go to school until they were at least fifteen years old, and
new ‘secondary schools’ were developed. At the age of eleven all children would be made to take an
examination. The successful candidates would immediately begin grammar school, while the less
successful students would attend the new secondary schools.
Nowadays, most grammar and secondary schools have been replaced by comprehensive schools.
Comprehensive schools welcome students of all abilities, so there is no longer any need for
eleven-year-olds to take a special test. Although grammar schools still exist in some places,
comprehensive education, which is generally considered to be the fairest system, offers a high
standard of education to all.
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
Reading - Part 2
26
Practice Test 1
SAMPLE
s introduced by Wi
basics of reading, w
ools, which were lo
ountry so t
were still unable
ad. Al
ool until the ag
18, a new law
d to be accepte
en.14
13
M
E
PAGES
the
m formal lea
to teach Latin gra
literature of
he clergy, but by m
s had little o
While the sons of w
oor stayed at
y sch
ode

28. AAlthough many people were against it, this system continued
for almost thirty years.
BFree education was introduced only at the beginning of the
20th century.
CAlthough the majority of British schools continue to be
state-run, the government is actively encouraging them to
become more independent and to take greater control of
their own affairs.
DAlthough they are not responsible for teaching lessons, these
monitors, or ‘prefects’ as they are now more commonly
called, help to discipline the younger students and teach
them the rules of the school.
EIt wasn’t until almost four hundred years later that grammar
schools opened their doors to female students.
FLess than thirty years later, the education policy was
changed again.
GFor this reason, ten years later, elementary education was
made compulsory.
HIt was in these schools that older students learned from the
teachers and then passed their knowledge on to the younger
students.
Reading - Part 2
27
Practice Test 1
SA SAMPLE
door
ars later, t
n.
s reason, ten yea
de compuls
It was in thes
teachers a
studen
S
PAGES
m to
ol of
ing lessons, these
more commo
ger students and
ears

29. 28
PART 3
You are going to read an article about how people of other nationalities see the English lifestyle. For questions 16-30,
choose from the people (A-E). The people may be chosen more than once.
Which of the people
thinks the English are polite?
feels that the political system in their own country should be different?
believes there have been some positive changes?
says that the English are not as he / she had expected them to be?
doesn’t like traditional English food / drink?
had thought English people were all fair-minded?
thinks the English make polite conversation about trivial things?
feels that the English attitude towards his / her fellow countrymen is unfair?
arrived in England more than thirty years ago?
likes to play a particular sport?
says that people in his / her country have a nickname for the English?
moved to England because of his / her job?
Say his / her fellow countrymen are better at a particular sport?
30
29
28
27
26
25
24
23
2221
20
1918
17
16
Reading - Part 3Practice Test 1
SAMPLE
about tr
s his / her fellow c
thirty years ago?
ort?
in his / her coun
England because o
/ her fellow co
PAGES
e? 20
18
GE
17
GES
ES

30. 29
A Laszlo Zabor (Budapest, Hungary)
‘Back home in Hungary we have seasons. Winter is freezing cold, summer is hot and dry, and in between come spring
and autumn. It’s all very simple and not much to talk about. Here in England, however, where the weather is just dull
and grey all year round - with possibly one sunny week in July, if you’re lucky - everyone is obsessed by the subject. All
conversations seem to start with a reference to the kind of weather we’re having, have had, or are going to have. ‘Turned
out nice again, hasn’t it?’ ‘It looks like the rain might hold off.’ ‘It’s a nice day for it.’ Whatever the ‘it’ refers to. And on
it goes. At bus stops, complete strangers, who wouldn’t ordinarily give you the time of day, suddenly open up and want
to become your lifelong friends if you mention the ‘w’-word. I don’t think I’ll ever get used to it.’
B Ted Schuman (Washington DC, USA)
‘There used to be a time when everything stopped for ‘elevenses’ and afternoon tea. I remember when I first arrived in
London, back in the 70s, the entire London Underground was on strike: the workers were demanding time for a tea
break! In fact, the whole country seemed to run according to a tea timetable. If this happened in other countries, there
would probably be a revolution or coup d’état. And then when I decided to try a ‘cuppa’, as the Brits affectionately call
it, I was horrified. It came in a plastic cup, was lukewarm, sickly sweet and had milk in it! I almost threw up. Nowadays,
some of my English friends actually admit to preferring coffee and, believe it or not, you can even get a decent cup of
espresso here in London! How times have changed!’
C Tanako Ozawa (Tokyo, Japan)
‘We Japanese are, by nature, reserved and polite - probably too polite sometimes. At school, I remember learning about
England and about how polite and considerate the English were. So when I finally came here to work, I was
really looking forward to playing a round or two of golf with my English colleagues. Once, when I was at a golf club
somewhere in the Midlands, I was very shocked to find that video cameras had been installed. The club chairman
explained that this had been done to stop players cheating and claiming a hole-in-one. ‘It’s just not cricket!’ he said. ‘If
we allowed this to go on, our club would get a bad reputation and people would stop coming.’ It was then that I realised
it was wrong to have these stereotyped images of people.’
D Chantal Gallian (Marseilles, France)
‘Traditionally, the French and the English have always been enemies - in the nicest possible way, of course - and we still
are. The one thing we will never see eye to eye on is food. Although there have been some improvements here since I
first arrived, the English still don’t know how to cook and their food is appalling. I simply don’t understand their
obsession with meat pies, gravy and chips. I bought a loaf of so-called French bread once and it was like chewing an old
sock. If they tried to sell that in France, they would be arrested. Don’t get me wrong, I like the English people, but their
food .... ugh!’
E Rod Standish (Melbourne, Australia)
‘There’s always been a healthy rivalry between us and the English - or ‘poms’ as we call them. We usually thrash England
at cricket, which is always cause for great celebration amongst the ‘Aussies’ living over here. What we Australians can’t
stand about the English is their superior attitude and their Royal Family. Most English people still think we’re all
criminals or ex-convicts. As for the Queen, she might be head of their country - although I never understood precisely
what job she does - but she certainly shouldn’t be the head of ours. If Australia were an independent republic, life would
be much better for us.’
Reading - Part 3
ARE THE ENGLISH LOSING THEIR ENGLISHNESS?
Practice Test 1
SAMPLE
ite - probably too pe - probab
siderate the Englishte the Englis
nd or two of golf wd or two of golf w
very shocked to fivery shocked to fi
e to stop players che to stop players ch
club would get a badlub would get a bad
stereotyped imagesreotyped im
Marseilles, France)Marseilles, France
the French and the rench and the
e thing we will neve thing we will nev
ved, the English std, the English
with meat pieswith meat pie
tried to sied to s
PAGES
ss
are goingare go
tever the ‘it’ refer the ‘it’ re
day, suddenly openday, suddenly ope
et used to it.’et used to
rnoon tea. I rememoon tea. I remem
ke: the workers wee workers w
timetable. If this hapmetable. If this hap
decided to try a ‘cudecided to try a ‘c
ly sweet and had mly sweet and h
ee and, believe it ee and, believe i

31. 30
WRITING
Practice Test 1
Do you remember that book you told me about? Well, Imentioned it to my
English teacher and we are now reading it in class. Did you find the book
interesting all the way through? What did you think of the main characters?
PART 2
Write an answer to oneof the questions 2-5in this part. Write your answer in 120-180words in an appropriate style.
2You have seen this announcement in an international magazine.
Write your article.
3You have recently had a discussion in your English class about travel. Now your teacher has asked you to write an
essay, giving your opinion on the following statement.
Travel is said to broaden the mind.
Write your essay.
Remember the camping holiday I was telling you about? Well, Sally and I want you
to join us. When is the best time for you? I’m sure we’ll have a lot of fun in France.
It’s not very expensive and there are a lot of facilities on the site. It’s not very far from
the sea and in the brochure it says there are plenty of opportunities to take part in
different sports if you want to.
Let us know what else you like to do when on holiday. Do let me know as soon as
possible if you’d like to come. I think they get booked up pretty early.
Yours,
Paul
MY FAVOURITE PASTIME
Tell us about your favourite pastime and say why you think it is important for people to have an interest.
We will publish the most interesting articles next month.
PART 1
You must answer this question. Write your answer in 120-150 words in an appropriate style.
1You have received a letter from your English-speaking friend, Paul about a camping holiday he is going on with
his sister to France this summer. Read the extract from your friend’s letter and the notes you have made. Then
write a letter to Paul, using allyour notes.
Send it
to me
Say when and why
Write your letter. You must use grammatically correct sentences with accurate spelling and punctuation in a style
appropriate for the situation.
How soon?
Say
4This is part of a letter you received from your cousin.
Write a letterto your cousin. Do not write any postal addresses.
Write your letter.
Guess what? Mum and Dad say I can get a pet! The only problem is, I don’t know
what kind to get – I’m not sure what would be best since our flat isn’t very big.
What do you think?
5Answer oneof the following two questions based on oneof the set books.
(a)Write an articlefor your college magazine in which you describe the most remarkable scene in the book and
explain why you will always remember it.
Write your article.
(b)Read this part of a letterfrom your English-speaking friend, Sarah.
Write a letterto Sarah, giving your opinion. Do not write any postal
addresses. Write your letter.
SAMPLE
m
on in your English con in your English
the following stateme following state
Travel LE
AV
say why y
the most inter
er you received frou received fro
to yourto your
um and Dad s
nd to get – I’m no
do you think?
PAG
e your answer in e your answer in
ine.ine.
GES
yf
o take pa
me know as soon
early.
PTI
th accurate spellinth accurate spellin
Ho

32. 31
INDIAN SUMMER
Captain Majendie had bought the villa in India on his honeymoon, when he was in the British
army there, and when he
(0) ..... , his widow went out to India to (1)..... some time there.
Stuart had known Majendie for years, so he felt he should write to the widow and offer his
sympathy
(2) ..... he had never met her. Back in England, Stuart received a letter from her, in
which she
(3) ..... the wish to meet him. 'I shall be leaving India at the (4) ..... of June,' she
wrote, 'and I have a lot of business to
(5) ..... to. Howard always told me you were his closest
friend, so I
(6) ..... you can help me with all the official (7) ..... that needs attention. I shall be
in Italy for the summer; if you do not already
(8) ..... plans, I would be pleased if you could
join me there.' Stuart felt obliged to
(9) ..... his plans for a trip to Ireland and three weeks later
found himself in a boat crossing Lake Como, in northern Italy,
(10) ..... for Mrs Majendie's
house. He wasn't really looking forward to his stay. He simply didn't know how to behave
with the widow of a man he had known for years but had never been keen on, especially
since that man had apparently
(11) ..... him as a very close friend, as he had sensed with a
shock from the
(12) ..... of Mrs Majendie's letter.
Example:
0A
put off Bdied off Cpassed by Dpassed away
USE OF ENGLISH
PART 1
For questions 1-12, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, Cor D) best fits each gap. There is an example
at the beginning (0).
0
A
■
B
■
C
■
D
■
Practice Test 1
1A
pass Bspend Cstay Dwaste
2A even though Bdespite Cas if Din spite
3A gave Bexpressed Csaid Doffered
4A finish Bending Clast Dend
5A make Bdeal Csee Dcope
6A hope Bdesire Cdemand Dwish
7A certificate Bpapers Cpaperwork Dpaper
8A make Bhave Cset Dorganise
9A cancel Bcut Cstop Dbreak
10 Aheading Bdirecting Cmoving Dgoing
11 Athought Bbelieved Cregarded Dtaken
12 Avoice Btune Ctone Dpitch
SAMPLE
ready (8)
9) 9) ..... his plans fo..... his
g Lake Como, in nke Como, in
king forward to hing forward to hi
an he had known an he had known
apparently apparently (11)
(12) ..... of Mrs M.... of Mrs
AApasspass
2A even thougeven thou
3AAgavegave
4AAfinfi
A
PAGES
n he was in the Brit he was in the Brit
(1)(1)..... some time..... some tim
ite to the widow ato the widow a
Stuart received a leStuart received a le
eaving India at the g India at th
Howard always toldoward always
ficial ficial (7) (7..... thh
plansplan

33. 32
The teenage years are often a challenging and difficult time for parents, presenting
(0) ...................with the problem of how to maintain their children's respect and obedience,
but at the
(13) ....................time, allow their independence to increase. It's quite normal
(14) ....................children to be disobedient in some way, as they too probably find it an
awkward and confusing time. Generally, it's best to treat defiance calmly though, unless it's
causing serious
(15) ....................at home or school.
Two things that parents should try to avoid doing
(16) ....................their teenagers are,
firstly to become much
(17) ....................strict, and secondly, to try to be 'one of the kids'.
Both these things
(18) ....................only create bigger divisions and differences.
The key lies
(19) ....................keeping up good levels of communication on
(20) ....................sides. Parents need to learn (21) ....................to let their teenager know
(22) ....................they disapprove of something, (23) ....................being so critical or
negative that their child feels ignored or pushed away.
(24) ....................angry or sarcastic
rarely works; it only invites more of the same kind of behaviour from the child.
GROWING PAINS
PART 2
For questions 13-24, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each
gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
Use of English - Part 2
0THEMExample:
Practice Test 1
SAMPLE
e or sc
try to avoid doingtry to avo
........................ strictstric
).................................onlyonly
es (19) 9) .....................
................. sides. Pasides. P
2) 2) ..................................thth
negative that tnegative that
w
PAGES
arents, presentingarents, presentin
s respect and obeds respect and obed
e to increase. It's increase. It'
e way, as they too y, as they to
t to treat defiance t to treat defianc

34. 33
The(0) .......................idea of a grammar school in England
was to offer children
(25) .......................for a career at university
or for a job where Latin was a
(26) ........................ To be a lawyer's
clerk, for example, a person
(27) .......................needed this
subject. Although most grammar schools have been replaced by
comprehensive schools, the
(28) .......................of which was seen
in England in the 1960s, there are still some grammar schools
(29) ........................
The whole concept of a comprehensive
(30) .......................is
one which many people have some
(31) .......................to. Such
a system is intended to take in all the children of the appropriate
age, who live within the district,
(32) .......................of
(33) .......................standard. Therefore, in theory, all children are
given the same opportunity to be
(34) ........................
ORIGIN
PREPARE
REQUIRE
TRADITION
INTRODUCE
REMAIN
EDUCATE
OBJECT
REGARD
ACADEMY
SUCCEED
KNOWLEDGE FOR ALL
PART 3
For questions 25-34, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word
that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
0ORIGINALExample:
Use of English - Part 3Practice Test 1
SAMPLE
......
here are still shere ar
oncept of a comprencept of a compre
many people have many people have
em is intended to ts intended t
age, who live wwho live w
(33) (33) ......................
given thegiven
PAGES
nglandland
at universityt university
To be a lawyer'se a lawyer's
................needed needed
ols have been repols have been
.........of w
ORIGINORIGIN
PREPR

35. 34
35We had several hold-ups due to the car’s engine problems during the holiday.
DOWN
The car ................................................................on several occasions during the holiday.
36I thought the weather would be colder than this.
COLD
It’s not ................................................................it would be.
37‘Don’t ever do that again!’ she said to her brother.
WARNED
She ................................................................do that again.
38She cooked more food than was necessary for the party.
SO
She needn’t ................................................................for the party.
39The house was almost certainly built twenty years ago.
MUST
The house ................................................................twenty years ago.
40Although she was rich, she was very down to earth.
SPITE
In ................................................................rich, she was very down to earth.
41People say she cannot keep a secret.
UNABLE
She is ................................................................keep a secret.
42Their tenth wedding anniversary is in May.
MARRIED
By next May, they ................................................................ten years.
PART 4
For questions 35-42, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the
word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between twoand fivewords, including the word given.
Here is an example (0).
Use of English - Part 4Practice Test 1
Example:
0
If he didn’t have a computer, he wouldn’t be able to manage.
DO
He could .............................................................................his computer.
The gap can be filled by the words ‘not do without’, so you write:
0NOT DO WITHOUTExample:
Write onlythe missing words
IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
SAMPLE
to her brotheo h
.....................................dod
than was necessathan was necess
........................................
use was almost cerwas almost cer
he house use.....................
00Although sheAlthough sh
SPITEPITE
PAGES
ng the holiday.ng the holiday.
ral occasions durinccasions dur
it would be.it would be.

36. 35
LISTENING
PART 1
You will hear people talking in eight different situations. For questions1-8, choose the best answer (A, Bor C).
1
You hear a man and a woman arguing in the street.
Why is the man angry?
AThe woman has taken his private parking space.
BThe woman has bumped into his car.
CThe woman refuses to move her car.
2You hear a spokesman for the environment.
What is his main concern?
Alack of public interest in green issues
Black of government funds for environmental projects
Cincreasing pollution in the city
3You hear a person talking about changing jobs.
What is his main reason for wanting a change?
AHe has a health problem.
BHe wants more money.
CHe has relatives in another country.
4You hear a travel agency advertising a holiday on the radio.
What kind of holiday is it?
Aan adventure holiday
Ba cruise
Ca working holiday
5You hear part of a telephone call.
What does the woman want the other person to do?
Adonate money
Btry a new product
Canswer some questions
6You hear a mother phoning her daughter’s school.
What is she mainly concerned about?
Aher daughter’s exam results
Bbullying at school
Cthe Easter trip to France
7You hear two people talking about a programme they saw on TV.
What was the main issue?
Apollution in cities
Bproblems with the underground system
Cbetter parking facilities for motorists
8You hear an architect talking on the radio.
What sort of project is he going to be involved in?
Aa new bank
Ba new school
Ca new housing complex
Practice Test 1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
e radi
e other person to dother person to d
estionsstions
r phoning her dauphoning her dau
ainly concerned abconcerned ab
aughter’s exam resaughter’s exam
lying at schoolying at school
Easter trip to aster trip to
eop
PAGES

37. 36
PART 3
You will hear five different people talking about their holidays. For questions 19-23, choose from the list (A-F)what
each speaker says. Use the letters only once. There is one extra letter which you do not need to use.
A
I bought gifts for other people.
BI spent too much money.
CI was slightly disappointed with the place I went to.
DI had a miserable holiday.
EI was injured during my holiday.
FI didn’t get on with the locals.
Speaker 1
Speaker 2
Speaker 3
Speaker 4
Speaker 5
19
20
21
22
23
PART 2
You will hear a talk about a cruise holiday. For questions 9-18, complete the sentences.
Remember to write your answers
IN CAPITAL LETTERS.
Cruises with Sunpacked Travel are available no matter what of year it is.
There are special reductions for old-age pensioners and families with children younger than
With its breathtaking scenery, the most popular destination is
There are special facilities on board all the ships including which is available for anyone who
feels ill.
A personal steward will take care of cleaning and booking tables in the restaurant as well as washing and
clothes.
Entertainment includes a cinema, cabaret, disco and casino as well as a every other evening.
Passengers are drilled in measures at the beginning of each cruise.
Other facilities available include a full banking service, ship-to-shore telephone and cable services and a
Mobile phones will often not operate in conditions.
Bookings can be made by calling
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
Listening - Parts 2 & 3Practice Test 1
SAMPLE
e different people different people
says. Use the lettersays. Use the
I boug boug
sur
ce, ship-to-shore ce, ship-to PAGES
which is available which is available
taurant as well as rant as well as
well as a well as a
the beginnthe
14

38. 24
25
26
27
28
29
30
37
PART 4
You will hear part of a telephone conversation between two friends. For questions 24-30, choose the best answer
(A, Bor C).
Listening - Part 4
24
Mandy spent a lot of money on
Aredecorating the bedroom.
Bfour or five paints of different colours.
Cmagazines and colour charts.
25Mandy is upset because
Ashe spent the whole evening painting.
Bshe has a problem finishing the ceiling.
Cshe doesn’t like the colour of the paint.
26Mandy didn’t tell Steve she was redecorating because
Ahe’s in Brussels until Tuesday.
Bshe wanted to surprise him.
Che would be shocked.
27Sarah offers to help Mandy
Apaint the bedroom before Sunday.
Bchoose a different colour paint on Sunday.
Cpaint the bedroom that night.
28Mandy has a headache because
Ashe doesn’t know what colour paint to use.
Bthe colour of the paint she used is too bright.
Cshe has to redecorate the bedroom.
29What colours does Sarah think would be better?
Apeach or blue
Bgreen or blue
Cpeach or orange
30Sarah suggests using these colours because
Ashe saw them in a magazine.
Bshe thinks they affect her mood.
Cthey can help you relax and feel calm.
Practice Test 1
SAMPLE
ndyndy
oom before Sundaym before Sund
fferent colour painfferent colour pain
e bedroom that nige bedroom that nig
y has a headache bhas a head
Ashe doesn’t knoe doesn’t k
BBthe colour othe colour
Cshe has she has
29What W
PAGES
25
GE
ing becausebecause

39. 38
SPEAKING
PART 1
Answer the questions.
PART 2
Candidate A, here are your photographs. They show different types of performances. I’d like you to compare the
photographs, and say why you think people would enjoy watching performances like these?
●Where are you from?
●What do you like about the area you live in?
●Could you describe your family home to me?
●Who do you spend your free time with?
●What sorts of things do you do together?
●Is is easy to meet new people where you live?
Now, Candidate B, here are your photographs. They show different methods of studying. I’d like you to compare the
photographs, and say how you think these students feel about these study methods.
Candidate B, which of these performances would you rather watch?
Candidate A, which method of studying do you prefer?
Why would people enjoy watching performances like these?
How do these students feel about these study methods?
Practice Test 1
SAMPLE
PLE PLE PLE
re are your photogre are your photo
ay how you think thow you think
ormances would yomances would yo
H
E E
AGES
I’d like you to I’d like you to
thesethes?
like these?like these?

40. 39
PART 3
I’d like you to imagine that you are going away to university and will be sharing a furnished flat with a friend. You need
the following additional items but you can’t afford to buy them all.
First, talk to each other about how necessary each item is. Then decide which three you should buy.
books
PART 4
Answer the questions.
●Do you think people spend too much money on things they don’t need? (Why?)
●What kinds of things do you spend your money on?
●In your opinion, should young people get pocket money or should they work for any extra things they want?
●Do you save money? Which do you think is better, to save or to spend? (Why?)
●Is having too much money bad for people? (Why?)
●If you suddenly won a lot of money, what would you do with it?
Speaking - Part 3 & 4
●How necessary is each item?
●Which three should you buy?
TV + DVD player computer
telephone and answering
machine
stereo CDs
Practice Test 1
SAMPL
ions.ions
nsweringwering
ne
AM AM AM AM
V
PLE
PAGES
llayerayerPA PA PA
S
P

41. ISBN 13: 978-960-409-453-0
This book comprises three parts.
PARTONE
A clear, concise presentation of the most important grammatical phenomena tested at this level.
Each grammar section is followed by exercises in the style of the FCE. This will help candidates
consolidate the knowledge of grammar and structure they have gained during previous years of
study. As a result, candidates will feel more confident in their use of the language, and more able
to cope with the Use of Englishsection of the
FCE Practice Teststhat follow in Part Two.
PARTTWO
Six complete practice tests for the CAMBRIDGE FCE examination, which have been compiled
following close evaluation of past examinations and sample material. The content, level and format
of each practice test accurately reflect those of the examination.
ñReadingtexts include newspaper and magazine articles, reports, fiction, advertisements,
correspondence, messages and informationalmaterial (brochures, guides, manuals and so on).
ñWritingtasks cover e-mail, letter, article, essay, report, review and story, and focus on
advising, apologizing, comparing, describing, explaining, expressing opinion, justifying,
persuading, recommending and suggesting.
ñUse of English(multiple-choice cloze, open cloze, word formation, key word transformation)
focuses on grammatical, lexical and lexico-grammatical phenomena.
ñListeningmaterial includes monologues (answerphone messages, information lines,
commentaries, radio documentaries and features, instructions, lectures, news, public
announcements, advertisements and publicity material, reports, speeches, stories and
anecdotes, talks)and interacting speakers (conversations, discussions, interviews, quizzes,
radio plays, transactions), and uses a variety of voices, styles of delivery and accents.
ñSpeakingtasks focus on general interaction, social language, comparing, describing,
expressing and justifying opinions, exchanging ideas, agreeing and / or disagreeing,
suggesting, speculating, evaluating and reaching a decision through negotiation.
PART
THREE
In this part, candidates are given additional practice in key areas related to the FCE examination.
Components:Student’s Book ● Teacher’s Book ●CDs
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