6difficultiesofpakaftersep-210929061641.pptx

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1. Difficulties of Pakistan after separation

2. Introduction 1.Choice of Capital and Establishment of Govt. 2.Unfair Boundary Distribution 3.The massacre of Muslim refugees in India 4.Division of Military and Financial Assets 5.Canal water dispute 6.Kashmir dispute 7.Constitutional problem 8.Electricity problem 9.Death of Mohammad Ali Jinnah

3. Red Cliff Award-an unfair boundary commission

4. Representatives of Punjab Boundary Commission Pakistan Justice Din Muhammad Justice Muhammad Munir India Justice Maher Chand Muhajan Justice Tej Singh Representatives of Bengal Boundary commission Pakistan Justice Abu Saleh Muhammad Ikram Justice S.A Rehman India Justice C.C Biswas Justice B.K Mukarjee RADCLIFF AWARD (AUGUST 16,1947)

5. Sir Cyril Radcliff was appointed as the chairman of both the boundary commissions.

6. Analysis of the Boundary Award The award was partial, unjust and unfair to Pakistan Muslim majority areas handed over to india Award also paved way for disputes b/w india and Pakistan

7. On August 8, Mountbatten’s private secretary sent a letter to Evan Jenkins, the Governor of Punjab Draft showed the ferozepur area and its headworks going to Pakistan When the final draft was released, ferozepur was assigned to India Boundary Award and Mountbatten’s Influence

8. Accession of princely state

9. At the time of partition, in subcontinent 462 princely states; covered 1/3 of indian territory and ¼ of its population. Rules were given option to join India, Pakistan or remain independent. By 15 August, most of these states announced their accession except Kashmir, Hyderabad and Junagadh . Accession of princely states

10. At the time of partition, 77.1% Muslim population and covered 84,471 sq miles Ruled by hindu ruler Hari singh

11. Shared 1/3 of its boundary with Pakistan, situated on the North Muslim majority wanted to join Pakistan, Maharaja wanted to maintain independent status of the state. Maharaja then request indian government for assistance Maharaja announced accession with India on Oct 26, 1947.

12. An undeclared war b/w India and Pakistan on issue of Kashmir started. India filled a complaint in UNO Meanwhile Kashmiri freedom fighters with the help of volunteers from tribal areas of pakistan were able to liberete 1/3 of Kashmir from India. Indian army entered in Kashmir through Gurdaspur

13. The Massacre of Refugees and their Influx in Pakistan

14. the massacre of muslim refugees in india

15. In 1946, massacre of Muslims of Bihar was the first organized attempt of extermination of Muslims

16. At the time of partition, problem of refugees became a serious issue for the government

17. Advent of Refugee

18. Indus water dispute

19. India office library

20. Division of armed force and military state

21. Division of financial assets