7. Classification Notes

1. Taxonomy
Science of Classification

2. Classification
The process of putting similar things into
groups.
Taxonomy – The science of classifying
organisms

3. History of Classification:
4000 BC – Aristotle
Creates first written classification scheme
 Two Groups:
 Animal Group – anything that lived on land, in the
water, or in the air
 Plant Group – based this on their different stems

4. History of Classification:
1500’s-1700’s:
 Many different systems, most of which were
extremely complicated
 Names were based on common names
(confusion)
 Names also based on long scientific definitions

5. What is this animal?

6. Puma, Cougar, Mountain Lion, etc.

7. History of Classification:
1700’s – Carolus Linnaeus
 Establishes system for classifying and naming
organisms
 Based on the structural similarities of the
organisms
 Binomial Nomenclature – 2 Name naming
system
 Created groups called Taxa or Taxon
 Each Taxon is a category into which related
organisms are placed
 Approximately 2.5 million kinds of organisms identified

8. Modern Day Levels of Classifcation
KINGDOM PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES
KING PHILLIP CAME OVER FOR GOOD SPAGHETTI
KIDS PLAYING CATCH ON FREEWAY GET SMASHED

9. Modern Day Levels of Classification
Man
Box Elder
Tree
Bobcat
Canadian
Lynx
Kingdom Animalia Plantea Animalia Animalia
Phylum
Chordata Anthophyta Chordata Chordata
Class
MammalianDicotyledonaeMammalia Mammlia
Order
Primates Sapindales Carnivora Carnivora
Family
Hominidae Aceracae Felidae Felidae
Genus
Homo Acer Lynx Lynx
Species
sapiens nugundo rufus camadensis

10. Modern Taxonomy:
Evidence used to classify into taxon
groups
 Embryology
 Chromosomes / DNA
 Biochemistry
 Physiology
 Evolution
 Behavior

11. Binomial Nomenclature
A system of scientific naming using two
names for every organism
Use the genus and the species name
For Example:
 Human Scientific Name
 Genus species
 Homo sapiens

12. Felis concolor

13. Rules for Binomial Nomenclature:
 Name is in Greek or Latin
 First word is the genus
 Second word is the species
 Words are italicized or underlined
 First word capitalized
 Second word lower case

14. 5 Kingdom System
Kingdom Monera
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Animalia

15. Kingdom Monera
Prokaryotes (no nuclei)
Heterotrophic (have to
ingest food) and
Autotrophic (can make
own food)
Anaerobic and Aerobic
Aquatic, terrestrial, and in
air
Mostly asexual
Mostly non-motile
Examples: Bacteria,
eubacteria, archebacteria

16. Kingdom Protista
Eukaryotes (have
nuclei)
Heterotropic and
autotrophic
Unicellular
Mostly aquatic
Mostly asexual
Motile and non-motile
Examples: protozoa,
slime molds, algae

17. Kingdom Fungi
Eukaryotes
Heterotrophic
Mostly terrestrial
Asexual and sexual
Non-motile
Example:
Mushrooms, bread
molds, yeasts

18. Kingdom Plantae
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Autotrophic
Mostly terrestrial
Asexual and sexual
Non-motile
Example: mosses,
ferns, conifers, and
flowering plants

19. Kingdom Animalia
Eukaryotes
Multicellular
Heterotrophic
Terrestrial and aquatic
Sexual (a few asexual)
Motile (a few non-motile)
Examples: sponges,
jellyfish, fish, mammals,
arthropods, reptiles, birds