9.Formal OrganizatIONAERTEDFUYYUTIIOYYYI

IT ID

1. FORMAL ORGANIZATIONS

2. Formal Organization Formal organizations are groups of people who work together to achieve a common goal, following a set of established rules and procedures. These rules and procedures are typically outlined in documents like policy manuals, employee handbooks, and organizational charts.

3. Types of Formal Organization Sociologist Amitai Etzioni (1975) posited that formal organizations fall into three categories. Normative/Voluntary Coercive Utilitarian

4. Normative/Voluntary Normative organizations, also called voluntary organizations, are based on shared interests. As the name suggests, joining them is voluntary People participate in normative organizations for non-material benefits The rewards come from a sense of purpose, enjoyment of the activity, or social connection with like-minded people.

5. An example of a Normative O rganization is a Book C lub Voluntary membership: Anyone who enjoys reading can choose to join the club. There's no pressure to be a member. Shared interest: Book club members all have a common interest in reading and discussing literature. Non-material benefits: People join for the enjoyment of discussing books, learning new perspectives, and socializing with others who share their passion. There's no financial gain or specific job-related benefit.

6. Coercive Organizations Coercive organizations are groups that we must be coerced, or pushed, to join. These may include prison or a rehabilitation center. Symbolic interactionist Erving Goffman states that most coercive organizations are total institutions (1961). A total institution is one in which inmates or military soldiers live a controlled lifestyle and in which total resocialization takes place.

7. An example of a coercive organization is a prison. Involuntary membership: People are sent to prison as punishment for crimes, not by choice. Limited freedom: Prisons restrict basic freedoms like movement, communication, and personal choices. Control and authority: Inmates are subject to strict rules and regulations enforced by prison guards.

8. Utilitarian Organizations These organizations are joined because of the need for a specific material reward. High school and the workplace fall into this category—one joined in pursuit of a diploma, the other in order to make money.

9. The most common example of a utilitarian organization you'd encounter in your daily life is a business. Membership: While working isn't always voluntary in the strictest sense (people need income), the specific business you work for is a choice. You can choose to work at a different company offering similar pay and benefits. Benefits: The primary motivation for working at a business is financial compensation in the form of a salary or wages. There might be additional benefits like health insurance or paid time off, but the core reason for participation is the paycheck. Goal: The primary goal of a business is not inherently based on shared values or interests (like a book club) but on achieving a specific outcome , usually generating profi t.