9. introduction to kingdom fungi

Fungus comes from the Greek word mykes “Mushrooms”
They are Eukaryotic organism that digests food externally and absorbs nutrients directly through its cell walls. Consist of about 100,000 spp.

1. Introduction To Kingdom Fungi Presented by: Fasama Hilton Kollie Lecturer, Department of Biology Mother Patern College of Health Sciences April 9, 2019

2. Lesson Outline Overview of Fungi General characteristics of Fungi Reproduction Diversity of Fungi

3. Lesson Objectives Upon completion of this topic, students will be able to; Describe Kingdom Fungi Give a brief description of the general characteristics of fungi Briefly describe the basic pattern of reproduction in fungi Describe the classification of fungi

4. Kingdom Fungi Overview  Fungus comes from the Greek word mykes “ Mushrooms ” Eukaryotic organism that digests food externally and absorbs nutrients directly through its cell walls Consist of about 100,000 spp. The science dealing with the study of fungi is called Mycology

5. Constitute an enormous variety of living organisms collectively referred to as Eucomycota They include; yeasts, rusts, smuts, mildews, and mushrooms Include also fungus-like protist such as slime molds and water molds Overview Cont’d…

6. General Characteristics: Habitat Most fungi are inconspicuous Found in most habitat Woods and meadows are the best places to go hunting for fungi. Of the two, woods are by far the best place to look, as over 80% of fungi are associated with trees .

7. Mildews

8. Molds

9. Mushrooms

10. Characteristics of Fungi: Thallus Organization The plant body of true fungi is a thallus It may be Non-mycelial or mycelia Most fungi are multicellular and are composed of long filaments called hyphae All hyphae in a particular fungus from an interwoven mass called a Mycelium Mycelium may be aseptate or septate

11. Typical Fungi Thallus Hyphae

12. Septate Vs. Aseptate

13. Structure of Fungi: Mushrooms are fungi What you see are the hyphae On the cap the hyphae are really close together Underground the hyphae are spaced out more

14. Characteristics of Fungi: Thallus Organization In higher forms the mycelium gets organized into loosely woven structure which looks like a tissue called pletenchyma It is of two types; Prosenchyma Pseudoparenchyma

15. Characteristics of Fungi: Cell Organization Cell wall mainly made up of chitin and cellulose Precisely, the cell wall may be made up of Cellulose- glucan (oomycetes), Chitin chitosan ( zygomycetes ) Mannan-glucan ( ascomycotina ), Chitin- mannan ( basidiomycotina ) Chitin- glucan (some ascomycotina , basidiomycotina and deuteromycotina )

16. Characteristics of Fungi: Nutrition Fungi are achlorophyllous organisms They live as heterotrophs Parasites Saprophytes Some forms live symbiotically with other green forms

17. Nutrition Cont’d: Parasites They obtain their food from a living host It may be; Obligate Facultative On the basis of their place of occurrence on the host, parasites can be ectoparasite or endoparasite

18. Nutrition Cont’d: Saprophytes Derive food from dead and decaying organic matter Saprophytes may be; Obligate saprophytes Facultative saprophytes

19. Nutrition Cont’d: Symbionts Some fungal establish symbiotic association with green/blue-green algae This constitute lichen The algal component is photosynthetic and the fungal is reproductive Fungal also establish a mutualist relationship with the root of plant This constitute mycorrhiza

20. General Characteristics: Reproduction Three methods of reproduction; Vegetative reproduction Asexual reproduction Sexual reproduction

21. Reproduction Cont’d : Vegetative Reproduction Any form of asexual reproduction in which a new plant grows from a fragment of the parent plant or a specialized reproductive structure Several types; Fragmentation Budding Fission

22. Example of Fragmentation in Hydra

23. Example of Budding in Hydra Parent Hydra Developing Bud New Bud New Hydra

24. Reproduction Cont’d : Asexual Reproduction Involve a single parent and results in the formation of daughter cells identical to parent cell Several types: Sporangiospores Zoospores Conidia

25. Reproduction Cont’d : Sexual Reproduction Sexual reproduction is found in all groups of fungi except one Deuteromycotina (Fungi imperfecti ) Compactible nuclei show specific behavior responsible for the onset of three distinct mycelial phases during sexual reproduction The three phases of nuclear behavior are; Plasmogamy Karyogamy Meiosis

26. Classification of Fungi The morphology of the mycelium, mode of spore formation and fruiting bodies form the basis for the division of the kingdom into various divisions; Those species that have well-characterized life cycles are placed in one of four phyla, namely; Phylum Chytridiomycota Phylum Zygomycota Phylum Ascomycota Phylum Basidiomycota Phylum Deuteromycota **

27. Diversity o f Fungi

28. Classification Cont’d… Fungi are classified into 4 phyla depending on the type of fruiting body they produce Phylum Chytridiomycota Phylum Zygomycota Phylum Basidiomycota Phylum Ascomycota Phylum Deuteromycota**

29. Reference Introduction In Botany , N abors, Murray W., Copyright 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings, 1301 Sansome St., San Francisco, CA 94111. www.aw-bc.com WIKIPEDIA, The Free Encyclopedia https:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungu Fungi and Their Habitat http :// www.countrysideinfo.co.uk/fungi/habitats.htm http ://www.biologydiscussion.com/fungi/modification-of-hyphae-7-types-with-diagram-fungi/63039

30. “ Eighty percent (80%) of our output depends on twenty percent (20%) of our time spend reading. ” THE END

31. Assignment #1 List and discuss 5 economic, ecological and medical importance of fungi respectively. List 5 negative economic imparts of fungi