A.3 Techniques Used in Separating Components of Matter.pptx

A.3 Techniques Used in Separating Components of Matter.pptx

1. Techniques Used in Separating Components of Matter

2. A mixture is composed of two or more types of matter that can be present in varying amounts and can be physically separated by using methods that use physical properties to separate the components of the mixture, such as evaporation, distillation, filtration, and chromatography.

3. Evaporation can be used as a separation method to separate components of a mixture with a dissolved solid in a liquid. The liquid is evaporated, meaning it is converted from its liquid state to a gaseous state. This often requires heat. Once the liquid is completely evaporated, the solid is all that is left behind

4. Salt production is obtained through evaporation from inland salt pans, coastal salt pans, and seawater A salt pan is a shallow dam in the ground where salt water evaporates to leave a layer of dry salt. When seawater is allowed to stand in shallow pans, the water gets heated by sunlight and slowly turns into water vapor, through evaporation. Once the water has evaporated completely, the solid salt is left behind.

5. Decantation For mixtures of liquid and heavy insoluble solids, decantation is the most appropriate method to use. Decantation of the sand-water mixture is carried out by gently pouring the water out of the container after the sand has settled at the bottom of the container

6. Distillation Distillation is a separation technique used to separate components of a liquid mixture by a process of heating and cooling, which uses the differences in the boiling point of each of the components such as ethyl alcohol and water

7. Distillation Distillation is a separation technique used to separate components of a liquid mixture by a process of heating and cooling, which uses the differences in the boiling point of each of the components such as ethyl alcohol and water

8. Filtration When the particles in a mixture are too small and when the components of the mixture are in different states, we can separate them by filtration using a filter.

9. Chromatography Chromatography is the method used to separate components of different degrees of solubility using a moving and a stationary fluid. This method works in separating the color pigments of inks. An example is paper chromatography, liquid is drawn through the paper fibers.

10. The pigments in the ink are carried along by the liquid, but because they are different compounds, they get carried upward at different speeds. This causes them to appear as bands of different colors on the chromatogram

11. Magnetism Magnets are normally used to remove magnetic solids from the nonmagnetic components of the mixture. For example, the mixture of sulfur and iron fillings can be separated by using a magnet to attract the iron away from the sulfur