A,B,C Scan Displays

A,B,C Scan Displays Concept in Ultrasonics

1. A B C SCAN DISPLAYS NAME:MICHEAL BERDINANTH M REG.NO:3122 22 5001 071 Date:18/02/2023 Sec:6 BRANCH:CSE Engineering Physics Subject code : UPH2176 Assignment –II

2. A-Scan Presentation *It displays the amount of received ultrasonic energy as a function of time. *The relative amount of received energy is plotted along the vertical axis and the elapsed time is displayed along the horizontal axis. The reflected sound waves from the different reflectors have different amplitudes according to the nature of the reflectors. Hence, the A-scan is called the amplitude-modulated scan. Echo Amplitude Vs Time: L arge initial pulse at interface. Small flaw echo(for flaws smaller than sound beam). Large back reflection. Applications: A-scan is primarily used for measuring the thickness of materials, detecting defects in welds, and measuring distances. In medical applications, A-scans are used to assess ocular biometry for intraocular lens calculation, corneal thickness measurement, and to detect retinal detachment.

3. A-scan gives engineers an efficient way to assess pipe flaws in underwater pipelines. In addition to underwater applications, A-scan testing has proven useful in making sure metallic pipes for drinking water transmission and other fluid transmissions.

4. B-Scan Presentation B-scan, also known as a Brightness scan, is a two-dimensional imaging technique that displays the internal structures of an object in a cross-sectional view. B-scans are created by moving the transducer along a linear path over the object being scanned. The advantage of this type of presentation (B-Scan) is that both the length of the flaw and its depth below the surface is revealed. Applications: B-scan machine is to inspect surfaces of metals where there can be cavities or defects in them. B-scan machines is used in inspecting welds or cracks in vessels which is under pressure, such as a boiler.

5.   O ther main application that uses these machines is inspections on aircraft wings or fuselages. These three applications (and many others) use B scan radiography due to its ability to produce high-quality images at high speeds and with great accuracy, making it superior to most other inspection methods.

6. C-Scan Presentation C-scan, also known as a Color scan, is a two-dimensional imaging technique that displays the internal structures of an object in a planar view. C-scan technology is designed for examining industrial parts without having to dismantle them. In the C-Scan front and back surface reflections are not used, instead, the reflection from the flaw is the only one that is projected

7. Applications: The main application of a C-scan or XRD scan in an NDT process is to analyze cracks that are not visible to the naked eye.  It finds cracks on welds and can also locate them inside components such as engine blocks, cylinder heads, valves, etc. In Nickel alloys, it finds the flaws like inclusions or porosity in castings made by sand molds which are generally very difficult to detect with conventional radiography techniques