A+ BLOG-CLASS-8-SOCIAL SCIENCE -CHAPTER-6-READING MAPS-PPT -EM.pdf

reading maps

1. BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
SOCIAL SCIENCE
CHAPTER-6
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

2. BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

3. BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

4. BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

5. BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

6. Different types of maps
- Political map
-Military map
-Historical map
-Astronomical map
-Weather map
-Land use map
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

7. Different types of maps its use
- Political map - For understanding the political
boundaries.
-Military map - For military purposes.
-Historical map - For the study of history.
-Astronomical map - For the study of celestial
bodies.
-Weather map - For meteorological studies.
-Land use map - For understanding the landuse.
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

8. BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

9. Thematic maps
-Maps depicting specific themes (subjects) are
known as thematic maps.
Example:-
-River map,
-Road map,
-Soil map,
-Physiographical map
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

10. Classification of maps based on its function
-Based on function, maps can be classified
into two.
They are
-Physical map
-Cultural maps
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

11. Classification of maps based on its function
-Based on function, maps can be classified
into two.
They are
-Physical map
-Cultural maps
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

12. Physical maps
Maps representing natural features are called
physical maps.
Example:-
• Soil map
• Climatic map
• Natural vegetation map
• Astronomical map
• Weather map
• Physiography map
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

13. Cultural maps
Maps representing man-made features are
called cultural maps.
Example:-
• Political map
• Agricultural map
• Industrial map
• Military map
• Land use map
• Historical map
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

14. BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

15. Physical maps Cultural maps
• Soil map
• Climatic map
• Natural vegetation map
• Astronomical map
• Weather map
• Physiography map
• Political map
• Agricultural map
• Industrial map
• Military map
• Land use map
• Historical map
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

16. BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

17. Classification of maps based on scale.
-Small scale maps. Example:- Atlas maps,
Wall maps.
-Large scale maps. Example:- Cadastral
maps, Topographical maps.
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

18. Classification of maps based on scale.
-Small scale maps. Example:- Atlas maps,
Wall maps.
-Large scale maps. Example:- Cadastral
maps, Topographical maps.
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

19. Small scale maps – features
-Maps showing only the important information
of larger areas are called small scale maps.
-Larger areas such as the world, continents,
countries, and states are to be
depicted in a small scale maps.
-Only a little information can be depicted in a
small scale maps.
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

20. Large scale maps - Features
-Maps representing detailed information of a
small area are called large scale maps.
-The area to be depicted in large scale map is
comparatively small region like a ward or village.
-More information can be included in large scale
maps.
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

21. BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

22. Cadastral maps
-Cadastral maps are prepared to record the
boundaries and ownership details of
land properties such as fields, buildings, etc.
-These maps are used to assess the land tax
and to indicate the ownership.
-Example village map.
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

23. Topographical maps
-Topographical maps show both natural and
man-made features in detail.
-Detailed information on relief, topography,
rivers, forests, agricultural lands,
towns, means of transport and communication,
settlements, etc. are included
in topographical maps.
-Topographical maps are prepared based on
comprehensive land surveys.
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

24. Factors required for the reading of maps
-Scale,
-Direction,
-Signs and symbols are the factors required for
the reading of maps.
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

25. BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

26. Three different methods to show the scale in
the maps
-Statement of scale - 1 cm to 5 km
-Representative fraction – 1:500000
-Linear scale - km km
5 0 5 10
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

27. Statement of scale – features
-1 cm to 5 km. This method of representing the
scale is the statement of scale.
-Easy to understand.
-From this we can easily understand that one
centimetre on the map represents
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

28. Statement of scale – features
-1 cm to 5 km. This method of representing the
scale is the statement of scale.
-Easy to understand.
-From this we can easily understand that one
centimetre on the map represents 5 km on
earth.
-The merit of this method is that even a layman
can easily understand this.
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

29. BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

30. Representative fraction- features
-Representative fraction is the ratio between the
map distance and corresponding ground distance
expressed in fractional form.
-The statement of scale 1cm to 5 kilometres, can
be represented as 1:500000 in representative
fraction.
-This proportionate distance can be read in
accordance with the units followed in each
country.
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

31. -The units used for measuring distance are
different in different countries.
-In India we follow centimetre, metre, kilometre,
etc. whereas units like inch, mile, and furlong are
followed in the European countries.
-So the people of other countries can ease to
interpret the maps prepared on Indian units.
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

32. BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

33. Linear scale – features
-Linear scale - km km
5 0 5 10
This type of measuring scale is linear scale
-When a map is subjected to enlargement or
reduction, the linear scale will also change
accordingly.
-This is the merit of linear scale.
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

34. BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

35. How to find the actual distances?
-The map distance should be multiplied with the
proportionate ground distance shown in the map
scale
-Eg: Scale of the map is 1cm to 10km. Suppose
the distance from A to B in the map is 5 cm.
-Then the actual distance from A to B = 5 x10km
=50km
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

36. How to measure distances on a maps?
-To measure straight distance, a ruler can be used.
-If it is a curved distance such as a river or a curved
path, first measure the distance using a thread and
then measure the length of the thread
-Then the map distance should be multiplied with
the proportionate ground distance shown in the
map scale
-Suppose the scale of the map is 1cm to 5km and the
distance from place A to B in the map is 5 cm. The
actual distance from A to B = 5 x5km =25km
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

37. Name the agency responsible for making,
scrutinising, and publishing maps in our country.
-The Survey of India
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

38. Direction and Symbols
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

39. Symbols used for easy identification of
directions in maps
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

40. Direction
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

41. City Direction
• Srinagar
• Thiruvananthapuram
• Kolkata
• Gujarat
• Lucknow
• Visakhapatnam
• Jaipur
• Panaji
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

42. City Direction
• Srinagar • North
• Thiruvananthapuram • South
• Kolkata • East
• Gujarat • West
• Lucknow • Northeast
• Visakhapatnam • Southeast
• Jaipur • Northwest
• Panaji • Southwest
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

43. Conventional Signs and Symbols used in Maps
BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

44. BIJU KK, GHS TUVVUR , MALAPPURAM
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422

45. ALL THE BEST
BIJU K K
GHS TUVVUR ,
MALAPPURAM
8075512478
www.apluseducare.blogspot.com 9746544422