A Comparative Study of Conventional and Microwave Assisted Extraction Method for the Extraction of Mucilage from the Stem of Abroma augusta.

Conventional extraction technique such as maceration and novel extraction techniques like Microwave Assisted Extraction method (MAE) were used for the extraction of mucilage from the stem of Abroma augusta. The mucilage content in the extracts obtained using both extraction methods. The conventional and novel extraction techniques were compared on the basis of various parameters like extraction time and extraction yield.

1. Presented by: CHANDRAKANTA MISRA Roll No : 24201914021 Reg. No : 142420210021 of 2014-2015 Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research 2017 A Comparative Study of Conventional and Microwave Assisted Extraction Method for the Extraction of Mucilage from the Stem of Abroma augusta .

2. Objective of work This project aims at comparison of Conventional Extraction Method and Microwave Assisted Extraction Method based on their principle, strength and limitation to know the suitability and economic feasibility of the methods .

3. Introduction Conventional extraction technique such as maceration and novel extraction techniques like Microwave A ssisted E xtraction method (MAE) were used for the extraction of mucilage from the stem of Abroma augusta . The mucilage content in the extracts obtained using both extraction methods. The conventional and novel extraction techniques were compared on the basis of various parameters like extraction time and extraction yield.

4. Plant Authentication A herbarium sheet was prepared and was sent to Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Shibpur, Howrah, West Bengal, India for authentication, and the number is “ CNH/53a/2013/ Tech.II /123”.

5. Plant Profile Abroma augusta – Pishacha Karpasa in Sanskrit and Ulat Kambal in H indi is used in Ayurveda for gynecological disorders, infertility treatment, amenorrhoea ,[1] and anti diabetic, anti hypertensive, anti microbial. It is also called as Devil's cotton [2,3]. More information about the plant are shown in Table.1 Scientific Classification Kingdom Plantae Order Malvales Family Malvaceae Genus Abroma Species A. augusta Table.1. Scientific classification

6. Experimental Section Extraction of Mucilage by Conventional Method: The fresh stem was collected , washed with water , and allowed to dry. The dried stems were then crushed, powdered for 5 minutes (5gm) , then 1gm powder was soaked in 40ml distilled water in a beaker for 12 hours. Then filtered to remove the debris. Next centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes, the recovered supernatant was weighed and concentrated to volume of 10 ml and weighed again . Later 40ml of ethanol was added and kept at 4°C for 12 hours at last centrifuged at 4500-8500 rpm for 10 minutes and precipitate was collected and weighed to get the yield . [4,5]. Figure.1. Centrifuge

7. Experimental Section Extraction by Microwave Assisted Extraction Method : The fresh stem was collected from a full grown plant, washed with water , and allowed to dry. The dried stems were then crushed, powdered for 5 minutes (5gm) and sieved, then 1gm powder was soaked in 40ml distilled water in a beaker for 12 hours . Then the solution was kept in microwave oven along with glass beads inside to prevent bumping ( microwave irradiation at 160 watt intensity for 3 minutes ). Then the beaker was kept aside for 2 hrs to release the mucilage, finally the material was filtered using muslin bag. T he precipitate was collected and yield was measured. Figure.2. Microwave

8. Calculation Calculation For Conventional Method [6] : Initial Weight= 1gm, Final Weight=0.36gm % yield= (initial weight/final weight)× 100 % yield=(1 / 0.36)×100 =0.36% Calculation For Microwave Assisted Extraction Method [6] : Initial Weight= 1gm, Final Weight=0.46gm % yield= (initial weight/final weight)× 100 % yield=(1 / 0.46)×100 =0.46%

9. Result and Discussion Conventional Method Sl. No. Initial Weight(g) Final Weight(g) Yeild % 1 1 gm 0.36gm 0.36 Microwave Assisted Extraction Method Sl. No. Initial weight(g) Final Weight(g) Yeild % 1 1 gm 0.46gm 0.46 Table.2. Observation Table.3. Observation The observation (table.2,3) has proved that selected plant source (stem of A. augusta ) produced high yield of mucilage in shorter duration by the developed microwave assisted extraction method when compared to conventional method.

10. Comparison Sl. No. Parameters Conventional Method Microwave Assisted Extraction Method 1 Time Time consuming Takes less time 2 Solvent Solvent usage is higher Solvent usage is less 3 Procedure Complex Easier than Conventional Method 4 Yield Less Higher There are certain advantages and disadvantages in both methods which I observed during the experiment are shown below .

11. Conclusion Based on this study, it can be concluded that Microwave Assisted Extraction method give better yield as compared to conventional extraction method in shorter period of time with less solvent consumption. Thus Microwave Assisted Extraction method is superior to conventional extraction method with respect to extraction time, solvent consumption and extraction efficiency.

12. Reference [1]. Anonymus “The wealth of India” dictionary of Indian raw materials and industrial products. The council of scientific and industrial research. (NISCAIR press publisher; New Delhi 2006) 222. [2]. Gupta B, Nayak S, Solanki S (2011) Abroma augusta Linn: A review. Der Pharmacia Sinica 2: 253-261. [3]. Rahmatullah M, Sadeak SMI, Bachar SC, Hossain MT, Montaha M, et al. (2010) Brine Shrimp Toxicity Study of Different Bangladeshi Medicinal Plants. Advances in Natural Applied Science 4: 163-173. [4]. Kokate CK. Practical Pharmacognosy. New Delhi: Vallabh Prakashan; 1999. [5]. Kulkarni GT, Gowthamarajan K, Brahmajirao G, Suresh B. Evaluation of binding properties of selected natural mucilages. J Sci Ind Res., 61: 529-532 (2002) . [6]Malviya R, Srivastava P, Kulkarni GT. (2011) Applications of Mucilages in Drug Delivery - A Review. Advances in Biological Research. (5) 1-7.