A Lesson On Discerning Truth From Opinion.pptx

This is a lesson about Discerning Truth From Opinion for Grade 12 Students Philosophy of the Human Person.

1. Discerning Truth From Opinion LEOLYN P. COLLADO

2. OBJECTIVES At the end of this lesson, the learners will be able to: 1. Distinguish opinion from truth. 2. Realize that the methods of philosophy lead to wisdom and truth. 3. Evaluate truth from opinions in different situations using the methods of philosophizing. 4. Discuss the importance of methods of philosophy.

3. Activity 1. Fact or Opinion? 1. Christmas is the best holiday of the year. 2. Asia is the largest continent in the world. 3. Fruits have vitamins and mineral. 4. The sun is the center of the solar system. 5. The universe was created by God.

4. In today’s digital world, information is everywhere. From the moment we wake up, we are confronted with different kinds of news coming from various sources. Information may primarily come from social media sources or even from our friends, family, and our very own community. The challenge is for us to effectively filter and sort news and stories that are truthful from mere opinion or hearsays.

5. WHAT IS TRUTH? The question “what is truth?” does not have any simple answer. Just like philosophy, the word truth also has no generally accepted definition. However, the conventional way of defining truth is the quality or state of being in conformity with fact and reality.

6. Theories of Truth Since philosophers could not agree about the exact definition of the truth, theories of truth are helpful to evaluate truth from opinion. Here are some popular approaches to the truth:

7. Correspondence Theory of Truth The theory is based on the belief that a proposition is true when it conforms to some fact or state of affairs (Caraan 2016, 30). It emphasizes the notion that concepts are true when they correspond to reality or the world. Example : Snow is white.

8. Coherence Theory of Truth This theory is the belief that a proposition is true to the extent that it agrees with other true concepts (Caraan 2016, 30). This view supposes that ideas constitute an inter-related system; each element coheres with another justified beliefs. Example The sum of half of six and ten is thirteen. ½ (6) + 10 = 13 3+10 = 13 13 = 13

9. Pragmatic Theory of Truth This theory is the belief that a proposition is true when acting upon it yields satisfactory practical results (Caraan 2016, 31). It holds that an idea is true; it is useful to believe. Example : Earning a lot of money is of paramount importance to everyone.

10. ACTIVITY Write three (3) examples for every theory of truth.

11. What is an Opinion? Generally, an opinion is a judgment, viewpoint, or statement that is considered to be subjective. It could refer to thoughts, beliefs, feelings, and estimates with no evidence or reasoned judgment to support it. For Dr. Rhonda Dubec (2019), an opinion is what a person believes or thinks about something or any subject. It is a view that represents the outlook of an individual, which may or may not be based on the fact.

12. What is an Opinion? Dr. Rhonda Dubec (2019) continues that opinion is defined as the personal view or judgment about a subject that is not substantiated by the facts. In other words, an opinion cannot be proven true or false. It is what a person thinks or feels about something or someone. An opinion is highly influenced by a person’s feelings, thoughts, perspective, desires, attitude, experiences, understanding, beliefs, values, etc., which cannot be tested by concrete evidence.

13. Distinguishing Truth from Opinion 1. Truth is a statement that can be verified or proved with the help of evidence or empirical data while opinion is an expression of judgment or belief on any particular subject. 2. Truth heavily relies on facts, while opinion depends on assumption and perception. 3. Generally, truth is an objective reality and has universality in its nature, while opinion is a purely subjective reality. It involves the expression of personal feelings or views. 4. Truths are useful to make information or make an argument, while opinions are used for persuasion.

14. Activity 3 To every truth presented in Column A, provide an opinion about it in Column B. Truth Opinion 1. Rabbits are mammals. 2. There are 26 letters in the English alphabet. 3. The earth has only one moon.

15. Discerning Truth from Opinion Leads to Wisdom and Truth

16. Discerning Truth from Opinion Leads to Wisdom and Truth Having the ability to discern truths and opinions can further improve our understanding and appreciation of differing views and ideas. Differentiating them requires a holistic perspective and enables us to choose acceptable ideas and make wiser decisions. This view can make a man understand the world and life better.

17. Discerning Truth from Opinion Leads to Wisdom and Truth A philosophical or reflective mind allows us to form our personal viewpoint that can guide us in making wiser decisions when faced with life’s difficulties.

18. Evaluating Opinions Opinions play a particular role in our lives. They motivate us to investigate further in search of the truth. It is, however, harmful to accepts opinions as they are; without assessing and considering its truthfulness. Critical thinking must be employed in this undertaking.

19. Evaluating Opinions Gallinero and Estaris (2017) presented five helpful tips to guide us better to evaluate an opinion.

20. Source The first thing to consider when evaluating and assessing an opinion is in knowing the origin of the material. Some sources are more credible than others. Knowing where the information came from will help us determine the accuracy, correctness, and soundness of information. When evaluating a source, one must consider the reputation, the audience where it was intended for, and the authenticity of documents.

21. Reliability - Credibility is also required when checking the accuracy of the person giving the opinion. Consider the reputation and the expertise of the person about the topic.

22. Purpose Identify the main reason why the opinion is given. Evaluate if it is intended to inform or persuade. Consider reason and evidence in doing this step.

23. Bias Everyone has biases and preferences. It is important not to take the person’s sense of partiality and prejudices about the topic or subject matter.

24. Assumption Take notice of all the beliefs presented. Assumptions are ideas that one accepts as facts but makes no effort to prove or substantiate it.