A multi-layered view of chemical engineering.pptx

chemical engineering

1. A multi-layered view of chemical engineering Rafiqul Gani * CAPEC KT Consortium Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby , Denmark *College of Control Science & Engineering Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, China [email protected] http://www.pseforspeed.com/

2. What is chemical engineering ? Chemical engineering is the application of science , mathematics and economics to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more sustainable forms. The terms economics & sustainability are very important here. Energy Sustainability Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 2

3. What chemical engineers do? Highlights Work with unit operations for purposes of chemical synthesis and/or separation (chemical reaction, mass-, heat- and momentum- transfer operations) Apply physical laws of conservation of mass, energy and momentum Apply principles of thermodynamics, reaction kinetics and transport phenomena Solve problems – design & operate processes More than just process engineering – applies chemical knowledge to create better materials and products that are useful to our modern society Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 3

4. A multi-layered view of ChE : Core layer Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 4 Core of chemical & biochemical engineering deals with conversion of raw materials to useful products; finding the optimal synthesis routes and operating the processes for their designed applications, and through the use of science, mathematics, economics, ….

5. Where did this get us? Fertilizers Vitamins Colorants and coatings Plastics Fue l Electronics Pharmaceuticals Detergents Nutrition Healthcare Mobility Communications, Entertainment Clothing Housing We are the master of the planet earth . . . . . . . . Positive contribution to the development of our society Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 5

6. Classification of the key products in ChE Commodities Molecules Microstructures Key Cost-Manufacturing Speed-Selection Function-Need Basis Unit Ops Chemistry Microstructure Risk Feedstock Discovery Science Traditional ChE : Convert resources to commodities? Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 6

7. The future is unclear! Risky feedstock Resources Resources ChE Fight for survival! Adopted from Cussler (2011) Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 7

8. Classification of the key products in ChE Commodities Single Species Multi Species Key Cost-Manufacturing Speed-Selection Function-Need Basis Unit Ops Chemistry Microstructure Risk Feedstock Discovery Science ChE is extending to design of single species products Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 8

9. For single species products, “ selection ” is key 46 Kilos = $800 M Adopted from Cussler (2011) Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 9

10. Classification of the key products in ChE Commodities Single Species Multi Species Key Cost-Manufacturing Speed-Selection Function-Need Basis Unit Ops Chemistry Microstructure Risk Feedstock Discovery Science ChE is also extending to design of multi species products Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 10

11. Scientifically specified Consumer reactions For multi species products, ” need ” is the key Jet-fuel blend Gasoline blend Liquid formulations & emulsions Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 11

12. Role & scope of ChE What is the role of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering in “commodity” industry vs. “new emerging” technologies? What is the future scope for fundamental contributions in Chemical & Bio-Chemical Engineering ? Value preservation vs. Value creation Engineering vs. Science 3. What are the m ajor real world challenges Globalization-Environment (energy, water, health, food) Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 12

13. A multi-layered view of ChE : Interface layer Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 13 The core , however, needs to be supplemented by appropriate levels of science and engineering to find sustainable and innovative solutions. Sustainable and innovative solutions can be found through an appropriate mix of science-engineering

14. Current & future challenges Sustainability Issues: Current and future survival 6-7 x 5-6 x 3.5 x 7 x Increase Global GDP growth over next ~50 years (in constant dollars) Production capacity for most commodities (steel, chemicals, lumber, etc.) Energy demand Water demand Electricity demand Increase GHG emissions Increase in water, energy & commodities demand World population is expected to reach 11 billions by 2050 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 14 Adopted from Siirola , PSE-2012

15. Is our future sustainable? The challenge facing us Only 25% converted; must be > 40% ( Driolli 2007) Convert resources to products Use energy, water, …. Environmental Impacts (GWP, OD, HTTP, …) Produce waste Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 15

16. Not threatened but our survival maybe is threatened unless we do something! Our position as the master of planet earth? Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 16

17. A multi-layered view of ChE : Connecting layer Sustainable solutions (water, energy, resources) Innovative solutions (process, product) Science Engineering Application (industrial development) Grand challenges-opportunities Education Society Operation/Design (production) Processing Routes (reaction; separation; mixing; heating-cooling; etc.) Raw Materials (resources) Products (needs) Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 17 The overall objectives are to serve the society through educating the necessary engineers who can apply their education-training for industrial development taking advantage of the opportunities available and addressing the challenges being faced

18. 18 What to make and how to make? Q u estion s: w h at, w h y & w h en ? Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 Zhang, Babi & Gani, Annual Rev of Chem & Biomedical Eng, 2016

19. Need for integrated multidisciplinary approach Exper im e n t s R E A L I T Y S im u l a t i o n s VI R T U AL R E A L I T Y P r o vi d e r ea li s t ic m o del parameters V eri f y the o r e t i c al solutions S y s t em under s t udy O p timiz e d des i gn? M odel s y s t em O p timiz e d des i gn? G u i dan c e an d i n sig h t s f o r experiments S o l ut i o n a pp r o a c h e s ̶ I n t e g r a t e d m o d e li n g , e x p er i m e n ts a n d s y n the s is ̶ A b ili ty t o f i n d p r e d i c ti v e - i nn o v a ti v e and more sustainable s o l ut i o ns Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 19

20. Can the current methods, tools technologies deliver? Can our current methods and tools solve the problems of our interest? Or, do we need a new class of software tools that promote innovation? Well-known PSE tools: ASPEN, gPROMS , HYSIS, PROII, ChemCad , ….(design, optimization, control, plan-schedule operations, …) Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 20

21. Need for innovation in process-product design Eastman Chemicals Methanol + Acetic Acid = Methyl Acetate + Water Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 21 How to find new and significantly better unit operations?

22. Development of ChE – new directions Probe the frontiers of technological innovations to bring New categories of abundant resources Substitute and/or improve resources that become scarce Deliver sustainable solutions (energy, water, food …) Contribute to staving off disasters (global climate change, a viral pandemic, oil spills, …) 3rd Paradigm (Integration of process-product-phenomena ) Unique opportunities and formidable challenges Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 22

23. Necessary shift in education - 1 Need to keep core Chemical Engineering Knowledge; Need to emphasize fundamentals : basis is life-long learning 2. Need to modernize curriculum and add flexibility Increase exposure at molecular level Increase exposure to energy (alternative/renewable) and sustainability issues Expose students to new process technology Introduce product design as complement of process design Emphasize process operations, enterprise planning Increase link to other industrial sectors (pharma, electronics) Adopted from Grossmann 2014 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 23

24. Necessary shift in education - 2 Adopted from Grossmann 2014 3 . Need to recognize that “ bio-area ” & “ nano -area ” will be important but not dominant force in Chemical Engineering 4. Environmental Engineering increasingly important and requires chemical engineering (water use efficiency, pollution control, chemical substitution, …) : Civil Eng. ownership ? 5. Need closer interaction with industry ; otherwise risk being irrelevant 6. Need to provide excitement to recruit the very best young people to join Chemical Engineering Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 24

25. Are we now entering a golden age for ChE ? Adopted from Phil Westmoreland’s* 5 reasons Manufacturing’s shift to emphasize processes and properties ( smart manufacturing ) New abundance of hydrocarbon resources in USA, China & other locations ( a game changer ) Biology’s turning into a molecular science ( multi-disciplinary ) Computing, evolved into a cyberinfrastructure ( knowledge and data management – big data ) ChEs ’ breadth and problem-solving approaches ( contribute to the society ) * President of the AIChE , 2013 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 25

26. Conclusions & future directions Need to adapt to the needs of the modern society (questions of energy, water, environment, sustainability, responsibility, ... should be incorporated in the study) Courses need to adopt (introduction of new ideas, new methods, new tools, ....) Balance between engineering-science; commodity-value added; core-new need to be found (different solutions are possible) ChE’s positive contribution to the modern society through P 3 I Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 26

27. Conclusions & future directions Barcelona Declaration, 2017 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 27 An increasing world population, in a world of finite natural resources, requires ever more innovative engineering to solve problems and produce new and better products with a negligible environmental footprint. Chemical engineering and related sciences and technologies must play a key role in meeting future societal needs. We, as chemical and biochemical engineers, need to renew our commitment to use our skills to improve the quality of life, foster employment, advance economic and social development and protect the planet through sustainable development.

28. Conclusions & future directions Barcelona Declaration, 2017 Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 28 Promote research and development as a fundamental pillar and encourage technology development to achieve a planet able to sustain a growing population, while improving quality of life. Facilitate global dissemination of chemical and biochemical engineering technical knowledge and industrial best practices, striving to bring together academia and industry worldwide. Promote conservation and care of global resources, health, safety, and the environment. Promote the highest standards of professional ethics and conduct for chemical engineers worldwide, to safeguard the public. We should agree to:

29. ChE is a problem solver not a problem creator! Rafiqul Gani, ICFMCE 2017, Dubai, 24-26 November 2017 29 If I change one molecule of this useless & polluting product, we can make an excellent hair-spray! Chemical engineer