A.P presentation_1.pptx reproduction system

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1. COLLEGE OF NURSING SIR C.J INSTITUTE OF PSCHIATRY HYDERBAD ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Assigned by: MA’AM TASLEEM LAGHARI REPRODUCTION SachaN Raichand Lal Chand Amrat Kumar Khalid Presented by:

2. Reproductive System Objectives Define reproduction Define reproductive system List the functions of male and female reproductive system Categorised the female reproductive organs into Essential organs Accessory organs 5. Discuss the location and structure of female external genitalia(VULVA) 6. Discuss the location structure and function of female internal Genitalia 7. Discuss the female reproductive cycle (ovarian and menstrual cycle) 8. Categorised the male reproductive organs into E ssential organs Accessory organs 9. Location and structure involved in the male reproductive system 10. Describe the structure and function of testis and accessory organs

3. Reproduction The process of producing of a springs that are biological are genetically similar to the parent organism. Act of producing a new individual from at least one parent. Production of new one species are organism. It has two types sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction.

4. Reproductive System It is also known as genital system. Biologically it is made up of all anatomical tissues glands and organs involved in sexual reproduction. Many nonliving substances such as fluids, hormones and pheromones are also important accessories to the reproductive system.

5. Function of Male and Female reproductive system Producing sex cells (sperms/egg) Transporting sex cells Nurturing developing offSprings Producing hormones Ejaculating sperms Release eggs during ovulation Regulating the menstrual cycle Lining the uterus Sheds

6. Female reproductive organs There are two types of female reproductive organs Distinction is besed on their primary function in reproduction Essential organs Accessory organs

7. Essential Organs Uterus (Womb) Fallopian tube (Oviducts) Vagina External genitalia (Vulva)

8. Accessory organs Ovaries Memory glands (Breasts) These are also considered as accessory organs due to their role in lactation

9. External Genitalia (VULVA) It is an essential organ It is located outside the pelvis It includes Mons pubis, labia(majora/minora), clitoris, urethral meatus, vestibule and glands Functions Allows sperms to enter in the body Protection, lubrication, sexual pleasure and urination

10. Internal Genitalia It is located in pelvic cavity It includes Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus

11. Ovaries Shape and Location Two oval shaped glands situated on either side of the uterus Structure It contains follicles which are sacs holding immature ova It has three layers 1. Outer capsule 2. Cortex 3. Medulla Function It is the primary female reproductive organs it produce ova and hormones like estrogen and progesterone Also regulate menstruation cycle

12. Follicle tubules (Oviducts) Shape and Location Two “J” like muscular tubes extending from ovaries to the uterus Structure It is further divided into three parts Infundibulum 2. Ampulla 3. Isthmus Function It transports eggs from the ovary to the uterus and also provide the site for fertilization by the sperms

13. Uterus Shape and Location Pear shaped hollow muscular organ located in the pelvic cavity situated between the bllader and rectum Structure It is further divided into three parts Fundus 2. Body 3. Cervix Function Provide a suitable environment to a fertilized egg to implant and develop into uterus during pregnancy Shades its lining(endometrium) during the menstruation if fertilization does not occur It is considered as a house of fetus during pregnancy

14. Female Reproductive cycle Menstrual Cycle It can be 21 to 45 days longer. More irregular due to seasonal changes for the first few years but tend to be shorten and become more regular with age. Symptoms:- cramping, breast tenderness, bloating, mood swings, acne, increased hunger, sleep issues etc.

15. Male reproductive organs Essential organs Gonads (Testes) Function The testes produce sperm and male sex hormones, primarily testosterone. The testes are vital for male fertility, sexual development, and overall reproductive health.

16. Essential Organs Location A pair aap testisis placed in a structure called as scrotum which is located outside the abdominal cavity Structure Tunica albuginea: A tough, white fibrous capsule that surrounds the testis
Lobules: The testis is divided into lobules that contain seminiferous tubules
Seminiferous tubules: Tiny U-shaped tubes that contain germ cells and Sertoli cells
Rete testis: A network of uncoiled, interconnected channels that receive sperm from the seminiferous tubules Lyding cells: Produce testosterone and other androgens

17. Accessory organs Epididymis Located at the back of the testicle and covered by the visceral tunica vaginalis It is divided into three parts: the head, body, and cauda
The head is round and located at the upper end of the testis
The body is thinner than the head and located at the back of the testis The epididymis stores and carries sperm
It also ensures that spermatozoa are properly matured and stored until ejaculation

18. V as deferens The vas deferens, also known as the ductus deferens. L ong muscular tube runs from the epididymis into the pelvic cavity behind your bladder and connects to your urethra through a structure called the ejaculatory duct. The vas deferens transports sperm from the epididymis to the urethra
During ejaculation, the vas deferens contracts to propel sperm forward

19. Seminal Vesicle L ocated in the pelvis, behind the bladder and above the prostate gland Each seminal vesicle is a coiled, blind-ending tube that gives off several irregular pouches
They are normally around 3 to 5 cm in length and 1 cm in diameter
They are composed of three layers: an inner mucosal layer, a muscular layer, and an outer adventitial layer During ejaculation, the muscular tissue inside of the seminal vesicles pushes fluid out of the glands and into the forming semen
The seminal vesicles join with the vas deferens to become the ejaculatory duct

20. Prostate gland L ocated in the male body, below the bladder and in front of the rectum The prostate is usually about the size of a walnut, but can enlarge with age, covered by a stretchy connective tissue called prostatic fascia M ade up of muscular and glandular tissue, it has 5 lobes anterior, posterior, two lateral, and one median The prostate produces fluid that mixes with sperm and other fluids to form semen
The prostate’s muscles contract during ejaculation to help expel semen

21. Bulbourethral Gland A lso known as Cowper’s glands, are located in the deep perineal pouch, in the urogenital diaphragm, and near the membranous urethra M ade up of small mucinous glands and surrounded by the bulbocavernosus muscle Each gland has multiple lobules that are made up of acini
The acini open into a central canal
The glands drain into the urethra through ducts The bulbourethral glands produce a mucus-like fluid that lubricates the urethra during sexual intercourse. This fluid is also known as pre-ejaculate