a power point presentation on context clues analysis

power point on contxt clues

1. 1 Vocabulary in Context

2. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context On the other hand, if you saw this word in a sentence, chances are you could come up with a fairly accurate definition. If you were asked to define the word adverse , you might have some difficulty.

3. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Look at the sentence below and see if the context helps you figure out the meaning of the word adverse . The adverse effects of this drug, including dizziness, nausea, and headaches, have caused it to be withdrawn from the market. Adverse means A . artificial. B . harmful . C . energetic.

4. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context The adverse effects of this drug, including dizziness, nausea, and headaches, have caused it to be withdrawn from the market. Adverse means A . artificial. B . harmful. C . energetic. B . harmful. Dizziness, nausea, and headaches are harmful effects. The context helps you figure out that adverse means “ harmful .”

5. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Using context clues to understand the meaning of unfamiliar words will help you in several ways. 1 It will save you time when reading. You will not have to stop to look up words in the dictionary. 2 After you figure out the meaning of the same word more than once through its context, it may become a part of your working vocabulary . You will therefore add to your vocabulary simply by reading thoughtfully. 3 It will give you a good sense of how a word is actually used , including any shades of meaning it might have.

6. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues There are four common types of context clu es . 1 Examples 2 Synonyms 3 Antonyms 4 General Sense of the Sentence or Passage

7. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues 1 Examples Examples may suggest the meaning of an unknown word.

8. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 1 Examples See if the example in this cartoon helps you figure out the meaning of the word initiative . T he word initiative means C. ability to take charge. B. will power. A. anger.

9. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 1 Examples T he word initiative means C. ability to take charge. B. will power. A. anger. C. ability to take charge. T he example of the cats’ having initiative—chasing mice—helps you understand that initiative means “ability to take charge.” Example

10. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 1 Examples The adverse effects of this drug, including dizziness, nausea, and headaches, have caused it to be withdrawn from the market. Examples are often introduced with signal words and phrases like for example , for instance , including , and such as . Signal phrase Examples

11. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 1 Examples What is the meaning of the word mundane ? In the sentence below, the italicized word is followed by examples that serve as context clues for that word. These examples, which are boldfaced , will help you figure out the meaning of the word . Mundane means A . exciting. B . painful . C . ordinary. Mundane activities such as doing the laundry or dishes or going food shopping or reading the newspaper all help me relax.

12. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 1 Examples Mundane means A . exciting. B . painful . C . ordinary. Mundane activities such as doing the laundry or dishes or going food shopping or reading the newspaper all help me relax. The three activities referred to are examples of mundane or ordinary activities. C . ordinary.

13. Mundane activities such as doing the laundry or dishes or going food shopping or reading the newspaper all help me relax. C . ordinary. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 1 Examples The three activities referred to are examples of mundane or ordinary activities. Notice the signal phrase that introduces the examples. such as

14. Practice! Today I had to deal with one mishap after another. I couldn’t find my car keys, I dropped a bowl of soup at lunchtime, and my computer crashed twice. Mishap Means: A. Unlucky Accident B. Event C. Unexpected Question

15. Some mentally ill people have bizarre ideas. For instance, they may think the TV is talking to them or that others can steal their thoughts. Bizarre Means: A. Limited B. Ordinary C. Odd

16. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues 2 Synonyms Context clues are often available in the form of a synonym : a word that means the same or almost the same as the unknown word. A synonym may appear anywhere in a passage to provide the same meaning as the unknown word.

17. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 2 Synonyms In the cartoon below, what word does the man use that tells you the meaning of the word terminate ? © Randy Glasbergen. www.glasbergen.com

18. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 2 Synonyms T he synonym that helps you understand the meaning of terminate is end . © Randy Glasbergen. www.glasbergen.com Synonym

19. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 2 Synonyms In the sentence below, what is the synonym of the word flippant? As soon as I made a flippant remark to my boss, I regretted sounding so disrespectful.

20. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 2 Synonyms As soon as I made a flippant remark to my boss, I regretted sounding so disrespectful. The synonym of flippant is “ disrespectful .” The word disrespectful tells you the meaning of flippant .

21. Practice! Speaking in front of a group disconcerts Alan. Even answering a question in class embarrasses him. Hint: How does speaking in public affect Alan?

22. Because my friends had advised me to scrutinize the lease, I took time to examine all the fine print. Hint: What did she do with the lease?

23. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues 3 Antonyms An antonym —a word that means the opposite of another word—is also a useful context clue. Antonyms are sometimes signaled by words and phrases such as however , but , yet , on the other hand , instead of, and in contrast .

24. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 3 Antonyms I prefer the occasional disturbance of ear-splitting thunder to the incessant dripping of our kitchen sink. In the sentence above, the word occasional is an antonym that helps us realize that the word incessant means “nonstop.”

25. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 3 Antonyms I prefer the occasional disturbance of ear-splitting thunder to the incessant dripping of our kitchen sink. In the sentence above, the word occasional is an antonym that helps us realize that the word incessant means “nonstop.” = nonstop incessant

26. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 3 Antonyms In the cartoon below, what antonym helps you figure out what the word amplifies means?

27. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 3 Antonyms T he antonym lowers helps you figure out that amplifies must mean “increases.” increases

28. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 3 Antonyms In the sentence below, use the antonym to help you figure out the meaning of the word salutary. Salutary means A . well-known. B . beneficial. C . hurtful. Many people have pointed out the harmful effects that a working mother may have on the family, yet there are many salutary effects as well.

29. B . beneficial. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 3 Antonyms Salutary means A . well-known. C . hurtful. Many people have pointed out the harmful effects that a working mother may have on the family, yet there are many salutary effects as well. Salutary is the opposite of harmful , so the answer is beneficial . B . beneficial.

30. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 3 Antonyms Many people have pointed out the harmful effects that a working mother may have on the family, yet there are many salutary effects as well. Salutary is the opposite of harmful , so the answer is beneficial . B . beneficial. Note the word that signals the antonym. yet

31. Practice Many politicians do not give succinct answers. They prefer long ones that help them avoid the point. Succinct means: A. Brief B. Accurate C. Complete

32. Although investments in the stock market can be lucrative , they can also result in great financial loss. Lucrative Means: A. Required B. Financially Rewarding C. Risky

33. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues 4 General Sense of the Sentence or Passage Sometimes it takes a bit more detective work to puzzle out the meaning of an unfamiliar word. In such cases, you must draw conclusions based on the information given with the word. Asking yourself questions about the passage may help you make a fairly accurate guess about the meaning of the unfamiliar word.

34. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 4 General Sense of the Sentence or Passage Can you figure out the meaning of the word alleviate in this cartoon?

35. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 4 General Sense of the Sentence or Passage To figure out the meaning of alleviate, try asking this question: What would the patient want the prescription to do to his aches and pains?

36. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 4 General Sense of the Sentence or Passage To figure out the meaning of alleviate, try asking this question: What would the patient want the prescription to do to his aches and pains? The patient’s words to his doctor strongly suggest that alleviate means “lessen.”

37. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 4 General Sense of the Sentence or Passage Use the question below the sentence to help you figure out the meaning of the word fiasco. The car wash we organized to raise funds was a fiasco —it rained all day. (How successful would a carwash be on a rainy day?) Fiasco means A . g reat financial success. B . w elcome surprise. C . c omplete disaster.

38. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 4 General Sense of the Sentence or Passage The car wash we organized to raise funds was a fiasco —it rained all day. Fiasco means A . g reat financial success. B . w elcome surprise. C . c omplete disaster. The sentence provides enough evidence for you to guess that fiasco means “complete disaster.” A carwash on a rainy day would be a complete disaster.

39. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / 4 General Sense of the Sentence or Passage The car wash we organized to raise funds was a fiasco —it rained all day. Fiasco means A . g reat financial success. B . w elcome surprise. C . c omplete disaster. The sentence provides enough evidence for you to guess that fiasco means “complete disaster.” A carwash on a rainy day would be a complete disaster. C. complete disaster .

40. Practice The lizard was so lethargic that I wasn’t sure if it was alive or dead. It didn’t move or even blink. Lethargic Means: A. Green B. Inactive C. Big

41. Jamal didn’t want to tell Tina the entire plot of the movie, so he just gave her the gist of the story. Gist means: A. Ending B. Title C. Main Idea

42. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues An Important Note about Textbook Definitions Very often, textbook authors define important terms. Also, after giving a definition, authors usually follow it with one or more examples to ensure that you understand the new term.

43. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / An Important Note about Textbook Definitions In the passage below, the author has defined the term displacement . People do not always satisfy their needs directly; sometimes they use a substitute object. Use of a substitute is known as displacement. This is the process that takes place, for instance, when you control your impulse to yell at your boss and then go home and yell at the first member of your family who is unlucky enough to cross your path. Definition Term

44. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / An Important Note about Textbook Definitions In the passage below, the author has defined the term displacement . People do not always satisfy their needs directly; sometimes they use a substitute object. Use of a substitute is known as displacement. This is the process that takes place, for instance, when you control your impulse to yell at your boss and then go home and yell at the first member of your family who is unlucky enough to cross your path. Definition Term The author then gives an example of the term. Example

45. CHAPTER 1 Vocabulary in Context Types of Context Clues / An Important Note about Textbook Definitions People do not always satisfy their needs directly; sometimes they use a substitute object. Use of a substitute is known as displacement. This is the process that takes place, for instance, when you control your impulse to yell at your boss and then go home and yell at the first member of your family who is unlucky enough to cross your path. Definition Term Textbook authors, then, often do more than provide context clues: they define a word, set it off in italic or boldface type, and provide examples as well. Example

46. Question #1 Children who move to a foreign country adapt much more easily than their parents, soon picking up the language and customs of their new home. Adjust Struggle Become Bored

47. Question #2 When people are broke, they find that many things which seem indispensable are not so necessary after all. Important Necessary Useful

48. Question #3 In formal communication, be sure to avoid ambiguous language. Clear language prevents confusion. Wordy Ineffective Unclear

49. Question #4 Suicide rates tend to fluctuate with the seasons, with much higher rates in the winter than in the summer. Go up and down Disappear Stay the Same

50. Question #5 Human beings are resilient creatures – they can often bounce back from negative experiences and adjust well to life. Not flexible Living Able to recover

51. Question #6 Being raised with conflicting values can be a detriment to boys’ and girls’ relationships with each other. In contrast, shared values can be a benefit. Improvement Drawback Relationship

52. Question #7 Managers should beware of having adversaries work together; opponents often do not cooperate well. Friends Relatives Opponents

53. Question #8 The Chinese government provided incentives for married couples to only have one child. For example, couples with one child get financial help and free medical care. Warnings Penalties Encouragements

54. Question #9 Changes in such abilities as learning, reasoning, thinking, and language are aspects of cognitive development. Physical Mental Spiritual

55. Question #10 In the same way that the arrival of mechanical equipment meant fewer farm jobs, the advent of the computer has led to fewer manufacturing jobs. Arrival Creation Use of

56. Question #11 While houses and antiques often increase in value, most things, such as cars and TVs, depreciate . Remain Useful Lose Value Break

57. Question #12 A major accomplishment of sociology is dispelling the myths and prejudices that groups of people have about each other. Ignoring Making Vanish Creating Again

58. Question #13 Then years of research culminated in a report explaining the mysterious behavior of the praying mantis, a large green or brownish insect. Failed Began Concluded

59. Question #14 Reliable scientific theories are based not upon careless work, but rather upon meticulous research and experimentation. Hasty Expensive Careful

60. Question #15 Many corporations like to be seen as benevolent and will actively seek publicity for their charitable donations. Greedy Charitable Likeable

61. Question #16 Today was a day of turmoil at work. The phones were constantly ringing, people were running back and forth, and several offices were being painted. Discussion Confusion Harmony

62. Question #17 White-collar-crime – for example, accepting a bribe from a customer or stealing from an employer – is more costly than “common” crime. Crime committed by gang members Crime committed by strangers Crime committed by people in the workplace

63. Question #18 Throughout history, the prevalent authority pattern in families has been patriarchy, in which males are in control. In only a few societies has matriarchy been the customary authority pattern. Unusual Regular Customary

64. Question #19 In the early days of automobile manufacturing, stringent laws controlled motorists’ speed. In contrast, the laws designed to protect consumers from faulty products were extremely weak. Informal Not Effective Strict

65. Question #20 Despite complaints from parents, educators, and government officials, violence and sex on television seem to go on unabated . More Slowly Unstopped At Great Expense