a presentation on a train which consist of lcd display

train

1. GUIDED BY: DR.RESMI R GROUP 10
GOWARI MADHU(LBT21EC030)
H S VYSHNAVI(LBT21EC032)
PAVITHRA G(LBT21EC048)
SURYA S BALAN(LBT21EC058)
AUTO METRO TRAIN
TO SHUTTLE
BETWEEN STATIONS
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2. CONTENT
➢Introduction………………………………………………………………………...03
➢Objectives…………………………………………………………………..……...04
➢Block Diagram………………………………………………………………..........05
➢Circuit Diagram…………………………………………………............................07
➢Components Required…………………………………………...............................08
➢Arduino Software………………………………………………..............................15
➢Result…………………………………………………………………....................16
➢Advantages…………………………………………………………………………17
➢Applications……………………………………………………………..................18
➢Conclusion…………………………………………………………........................19
➢Future scope……………………………………………………………..................20
➢Reference……………………………………………………………..……………21 2

3. INTRODUCTION
•Modern technologies are being integrated in almost all aspects of our life
including transportation where a lot of advancement has been made.
•There have been many developments in railroad transport, one such is the
metro system .They are efficient, fast, reliable, safe and environment
friendly.
•Shuttling metro train between station project is established to shuttle
metro train between stations .This system mainly allows running train
without any human intervention so that it reduces the possibilities of
human error.
•Existing systems heavily rely on human communication, which
introduces the possibility of miscommunication due to gaps or errors.
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4. OBJECTIVES
•To drive the train automatically and thus eliminating the need of
any driver, in other way it reduces the human intervention.
•To count the number of passengers entering and leaving the metro
thus managing the crowd flow.
•To open the door for a specified time interval at each station and
close after a prescribed time set in the microcontroller.
•To provide a system consisting of a buzzer like alarm to alert the
passengers as soon as the doors begin to close to ensure their safety
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5. BLOCK DIAGRAM
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L298D

6. EXPLANATION
•Arduino Uno: The whole system is interfaced with Arduino Uno.
•LCD (Liquid Crystal Display): Provides visual feedback to the users, displaying
information such as passenger count.
•Power Supply: Provides the necessary electrical power to all the components in the
system, ensuring they operate correctly.
•IR Sensors (4): Two sensors are dedicated to passenger count, while the other two
detect stations along the track, enabling the train to stop at the right locations.
•Buzzer: Alerts passengers when it's time to close the doors before the train departs
from a station.
•L293D Motor Driver: Controls the DC motor responsible for propelling the train. It
interprets signals from the Arduino to regulate speed and direction.
•Servomotor: Opens and closes the train doors based on commands from the
Arduino, enhancing passenger safety and convenience.
•DC Motor: Rotates the train wheels, enabling movement along the track. It receives
power and control signals from the L293D motor driver.
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7. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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8. COMPONENTS REQUIRED
•Arduino Uno
•PCB
•LCD Display
•IR Sensor
•Buzzer
•L298 Motor Driver
•Cables and Connectors
•DC motor, Servomotor
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9. ARDUINO UNO
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•The Arduino Uno is a popular microcontroller board based on the
ATmega328P microcontroller. It features digital and analog input/output
pins that can be used to connect to various sensors, actuators, and other
devices.
•It can be programmed using the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development
Environment), which provides a simple and user-friendly interface for
writing and uploading code to the board.
• The brain of the project, controlling the overall operation of the system. It
will receive input from sensors, process data, and control the motors
accordingly.

10. IR SENSOR
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•IR (Infrared) sensors are electronic devices that emit and detect infrared
radiation to sense objects or obstacles in their proximity.
•IR sensors work by emitting an infrared light beam and then detecting the
reflection of that beam off an object.
•Placed at the initial and final station to detect the presence of the shuttle.
When the shuttle arrives at a station, it triggers the IR sensor, signaling the
Arduino Uno to stop the shuttle and open the doors for passengers to board
or alight.

11. LCD DISPLAY
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•LCDs use liquid crystals to modulate light and produce images.. When an
electric current is applied to the electrodes, the liquid crystals align to allow
or block light, creating the desired image or text.
•Displays the passenger count as "Passengers: X".
•Counting Logic: Arduino Uno increments count when a passenger enters
and decrements when one exits.
•Display Update: Updates LCD with the current passenger count and current
station
This setup allows passengers to easily see the current count of passengers
onboardtheshuttle.

12. L298 MOTOR DRIVER
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•Motor driver IC which allows DC motor to drive in either direction.
•16 pin IC, it controls 2 dc motors.
•Used to control the DC motors that drive the metro shuttle. The motor
driver will enable the Arduino Uno to control the direction of the
motors, allowing the shuttle to move forward and backward between
stations

13. DC MOTOR
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•A DC motor is a type of electric motor that converts direct current (DC)
electrical power into mechanical power.
•It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where a magnetic
field is created by passing current through coils or windings. This magnetic
field interacts with other magnetic fields to produce rotational motion.
•It powers the movement of the metro shuttle along the track between
stations. The motor will be controlled by the Arduino Uno via the motor
driver to ensure smooth and reliable operation.

14. SERVO MOTOR
•A servo motor is a type of motor that is used for precise control of
angular or linear position, velocity, and acceleration. It consists of
a motor coupled with a sensor for position feedback, which
enables it to achieve accurate control over its rotational or linear
position.
•Controls the opening and closing of the shuttle doors.
•When the shuttle arrives at a station, the servo motor will be
activated by the Arduino Uno to open the doors, allowing
passengers to enter or exit. After a certain duration the doors will
be closed using the servo motor.
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15. ARDUINO IDE 2.3.2
•Verify / Upload- compile and upload code to your Arduino Board.
•Select Board & Port- detected Arduino boards automatically show up
here, along with the port number.
•Sketchbook- here we can find all the sketches locally stored on our
computer. Additionally, we can sync with the Arduino Cloud, and also
obtain your sketches from the online environment.
•Library Manager- browse through thousands of Arduino libraries, made
by Arduino & its community.
•Debugger- test and debug programs in real time.
•Search- search for keywords in the code.
•Open Serial Monitor- opens the Serial Monitor tool, as a new tab in the
console.
Features
•The Arduino IDE 2 is a versatile editor with many features. We can install
libraries directly, sync sketches with Arduino Cloud, debug sketches and
much more.
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16. RESULT
•Successfully implemented automatic train control system, eliminating the requirement for a
human driver, thereby reducing human intervention in train operations.
•Developed a passenger counting system to effectively manage crowd flow by accurately
tracking the number of passengers entering and exiting the metro.
•Implemented a door control mechanism that automatically opens and closes doors at each
station for a specified time interval, controlled by a microcontroller to ensure smooth
operation and passenger safety.
•Integrated a buzzer alarm system to alert passengers when the doors begin to close, enhancing
safety measures and ensuring passengers are aware of impending door closures.
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17. ADVANTAGES
•Efficiency:- Faster and more reliable transportation between stations compared to traditional
methods.
•Cost-Effectiveness:- Reduced operational costs through automation and optimized energy
usage.
•Environmental Impact:- Lower emissions and environmental footprint due to electric-
powered shuttles.
•Safety Enhancement:- Enhanced safety features that involves managing crowd flow,
automated driving etc.
•Improved Passenger Experience:- Real-time information systems and comfortable shuttle
environments enhance passenger satisfaction.
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18. APPLICATIONS
•Smart City Integration: Aligns with broader smart city initiatives.
•Enhanced Passenger Services: Offers amenities for a better travel experience.
•Scalability: Adaptable for future growth and expansion.
•Research Platform: Supports innovation and development in urban mobility.
•Collaboration with public transport authority: It could help integrate auto metro train
system into the broader public transportation network.
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19. CONCLUSION
•The proposed system eliminates driver or reduces human efforts.
•The system describes that how metro train is been automated and shuttled between stations.

•The doors are programmed to close after a predetermined time interval and also includes a
passenger counting module and an alarm buzzer.
•In developing countries like India, automation is much more important to make more time for
people to innovate more.
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20. FUTURE SCOPE
•We could add a passenger limit system.
•Also we can introduce a software application that helps the user topre-book tickets, to find
thelive location ,andthe time schedules.
•Automatic Speed Control: Implement a system to automatically adjust the train speed based
on factors like passenger load, track conditions, and obstacles.
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21. REFERENCES
•https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_train_operation
•https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8783471
•https://www.irjet.net/archives/V7/i4/IRJET-V7I4296.pdf
•https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT_184209.pdf
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22. THANK YOU
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