A short summary of adverb clauses in englisg

This gives information about adverb clauses in english language

1. Adverb Clause 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 1

2. Adverb Clause Adverb clauses are dependent clauses . They cannot stand alone. They must be connected to a main clause. Ex: When the phone rang , the baby woke up. The baby woke up w hen the phone rang. 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 2

3. Kinds of Adverb Clauses Adverb clause of time Adverb Clause of Place Adverb Clause of Purpose Adverb Clause of Cause/reason Adverb Clause of Condition Adverb Clause of Result Adverb Clause of Comparison Adverb Clause of contrast 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 3

4. Adverb clause of Time The introducers are: After every time (that) by the time (that ) before Once when the next time ( that) whenever as soon as the first time (that) since the last time (that) until as while 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 4

5. Examples: After she graduates , she will get a job . 1 will leave before he comes . When 1 arrived, he was talking on the phone . While 1 was walking home , it began to rain. As 1 was walking home , it began to rain . By the time he arrived , we had already left. 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 5

6. Continued … 1 haven't seen him since he left this morning . We stayed there until we finished our work . We stayed there till we finished our work . As soon as it stops raining , we will leave. Once it stops raining , we will leave. Whenever 1 see him , I say hello. Every time 1 see him , 1 say hello. 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 6

7. After and before are commonly used with these expressions: Shortly after A little while after A short time after Shortly before A short time before Not long after Not long before Note: Adverb clauses can be introduced by: the first/the second /the third/the last/ the next time ( that) 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 7

8. Adverb clause of reason The introducers are: Because , since, now that( because now) Since has two meanings : “ because” It is also used in time clauses” Examples: Because he was sleepy , he went to bed. Now that I ’ve finished the semester , I’m going to rest a few days and then take a trip . Since Monday is a holiday , we don’t have to go to work . Since 1 came here , 1 have met many people. 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 8

9. Using Because Of, Due To and Because Because introduces an adverb clause; it is followed by a subject and a verb: EX: Because the weather was cold, we stayed home. Because of and due to are phrasal prepositions; they are followed by a noun object. EX: Because of the cold weather, we stayed home . Due to the cold weather, we stayed home 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 9

10. Expressing Contrast (Unexpected Result): Using Even Though Because is used to express expected results. Even though is used to express unexpected results . Examples: Because the weather was cold , I didn't go swimming . Even though the weather was cold , I went swimming . Because I wasn’t tired , I didn’t go to bed. Even though I wasn’t tired , I went to bed . Note : although and though = Even though 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 10

11. Showing Direct Contrast: While Examples: Mary is rich, while John is poor . John is poor, while Mary is rich. While John is poor, Mary is rich . Mary is rich, whereas John is poor. ( in formal written) Compare: The phone rang while 1 was studying . ( while= during that time) 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 11

12. Adverb clauses of condition: If-Clauses The Introducers: if even/ if/unless/ whether or not/ in case/ only if Examples: If it rains tomorrow , I will take my umbrella . I’m going to go swimming tomorrow whether or not it is cold . or whether it is cold o r not. 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 12

13. Shortened if- clause Are you a student? If so / If you are , the ticket is half-price. If not / If you aren't , the ticket is full price. Do you have a ticket? If so / If you do , you’re lucky. If not / If you don't , you’re out of luck. 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 13

14. Even if, in case, unless Even if the weather is cold , I’m going to go swimming. Even if I get an invitation to the reception , I ’m not going to go . I’ll be at my uncle’s house in case you (should) need to reach me. Note: In case means “if by chance this should happen .’ I’ll go swimming tomorrow unless It's cold. I’ll go swimming tomorrow if it isn’t cold. 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 14

15. Only if= only one condition Examples: The picnic will be canceled only if it rains . If it’s windy, we’ll go on the picnic . If it's cold, we’ll go on the picnic . If it’s damp and foggy, we’ll go on the picnic . 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 15

16. Adverb Clause of Place The introducers are: Where/wherever/ anywhere/ everywhere/ Also conjunctions that answer the question (where ) 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 16

17. Adverb Clause of Purpose In order to, so that, in order that. 1 turned off the TV in order to enable my roommate to study in peace and quiet . 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 17

18. Adverb Clause of Comparison They are of two kinds : Adverb Clause of Comparison of Degree Adverb Clause of Comparison of Manner 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 18

19. Adverb Clause of Comparison of Degree The introducers are: Than/ or the relative adverb as…. as EX: He is older than he looks. He is not as clever as his brother is. 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 19

20. Adverb Clause of Comparison of Manner The introducers are: /As/ It all ended as I expected. You may do as you please. 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 20

21. Thank You! 9/26/2023 Lecturer: Abdulmanan Qayumi 21