A topic on northern plain rev

Have Discussion on Northern Plain of INDIA

1. Have a Discussion on Northern Plains of INDIA By GROUP-2 Class IX-D DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL, SONEPAT

2. group Leader JATIN BISHLA Shashwat , Harshit , Rachit , Sidharth , Sanyam & Aditya Group members

3. Contents Introduction Importance of Northern Plain Extension of Northern Plain Features of Northern Plain Divisions of Northern Plain Composition of Northern Plain Important Facts on Northern Plain

4. 1. Introduction The Northern Fertile Plain lies to the south of Himalayan Region. It is also called the Gangetic Plain. It is a vast plain and level land between the Himalayas in the North and Deccan Plateau in the South. From Punjab in the West to Assam in the East, this plain is about 2400 km. long and its width varies from 150 km. in the East to about 300 km. in the West. It includes the States of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, some parts of Assam and the Union Territory of Delhi. The soil of this plain is built of the sediments brought down by the rivers from Himalayas. Such plain is called an alluvial plain and is very fertile. This plain is one of the largest and most fertile plains of the World. It is the most thickly populated plain. This is also the major crop growing area in India .

5. 2. Importance of northern plain This plain is very important to India in many ways : 1. This plain is made up of the alluvial soil brought down by the rivers. This soil is very soft and fertile. Major crops such as wheat, rice, sugarcane, pulses, oil seeds and jute are grown here. This plain is the 'food bowl1 of India . 2. The land of this plain is soft, level and flat. Therefore wells, tube-wells and canals can be dug for irrigation. Due to proper irrigation it is the largest producer of food grains in India .

6. 2. Importance of northern plain 3 . This plain gets sufficient rainfall. There are many rivers, streams and lakes. There is also rich vegetation. These factors affect the climate and make it tolerable. 4. This is one of the most thickly populated plain of the world. The most thickly populated States of India — Uttar Pradesh and Bihar — lie in this plain . 5. This plain is very important for the economic development of India. The land being even, the transportation and communication is easy. This plain has a network of railways and roads.

7. 3. Extension of northern plain The Plains of Northern India, also known as the Gangetic Plains, is situated in the southern Himalayan Region. The Northern Plains spreading from Assam to Punjab has a length of around 2400 km and the width ranges between 150 km to 300 km, varying in different regions. It can be found in Bihar, Punjab, Assam, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, parts of Delhi and Haryana. 

8. 4. features of northern plain The plains of Northern India are consistently level plains without any interruption except for a few outliers of the  Aravalli Mountain Range , such as, in the environs of  Delhi . Formerly deep trenches of around 6 to 8 km in depth, these plains outline the isolated low hills or ridges and come out of the adjacent alluvium as islands in the ocean. The trench was formed as a fore deep, when the Himalayas rose as fold mountains. This east-west depression received drainage from the  Himalaya Mountains  in the north and the plateau in the south.  Owing to continued silting, the depression was filled up with sediments. Stability in the level of these plains is mainly due to two basic facts. Firstly, no earth movement disturbed their flatness later and secondly the deposition took place in water. The watershed that divides the Sutlej Plain from the Ganga Plain is low as one enters the Haryana-Punjab Plain from the Uttar Pradesh Plain. 

9. 5 . divisions of northern plain The Plains of Northern India are generally divided into 2 river systems-  * The Indus in the west, and  * The Ganga- Brahmaputra  in the east.  Indus Basin  Less than 1/3rd of the Indus basin is situated in India ( Jammu and Kashmir ,  Himachal Pradesh  and  Punjab ). It is approximately 2900 km long and its primary tributaries include the  Sutlej River ,  Beas River ,  Ravi River ,  Chenab River  and  Jhelum River . A glimpse into the map of India will show how these rivers unite together before finally merging the in the  Indus River . Ganga Basin  Ganga River  has two primary origins in the Himalaya the  Bhagirathi River  and the  Alaknanda River . Both merge in Dev Prayag  and flow as the Ganga afterward. It enters the northern plains at Haridwar .   Yamuna River  joins it in Allahabad. It is believed that Ganga has originated from the jota or head gear of Shiva according to the mythical references.  Chambal River ,  Sindh River ,  Betwa River  and  Ken River  in turn join the Yamuna River. They all stream through the  Malwa Plateau  before entering into the northern plains.

10. 5 . divisions of northern plain Brahmaputra Valley  Brahmaputra initiates in Tibet near the source of the  Indus River   and   Sutlej River .  Brahmaputra River  is longer compared to the Indus, most of its course lying in Tibet. It streams parallel to the  Himalaya Mountains  in Tibet, where it is referred to as Tsangpo . In   Arunachal Pradesh  it is called Dihang .

11. 6. composition of northern plain The northern plains of India are composed of the excellent silt - alluvium. The main rivers of the region bring it down from the Himalayas in the north and the peninsular plateau in the south. Such a plain is also termed as alluvial plain that is rich in  alluvial soil . The rivers being heavily charged with boulders, sand and mud unexpectedly loosen in speed as they debouch on these plains depositing their load in the form of gravel fans along the foot of the Himalayan ranges.  The southern edge of the Gangetic Plain is broken by several gorges turning the productive alluvial land into unusable barren waste lands. In states of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh, which is fed by deficient rain , the main rivers of the region have been tapped for irrigational purposes . The Plains of Northern India are very essential and have their great contribution in the economic development of the country. Some of the major industries that have developed, evenly, over the whole region include Iron and Steel, Jute, Cement, Sugar and Textile Industries. 

12. 7 . Important facts of northern plain 1. The Northern Plains lie to the south of the Himalayas extending 2,500 km in length from East to West. 2. It consists of two river basins-the Indus and the Ganga-Brahmaputra. It is made up of fertile alluvial soil. These support very dense population. 3. The Northern Plains can be divided into four parts: (a) The Rajasthan Plains (b) Indus Plain (c) Ganga Plain (d) Brahmaputra Plain 4. The Northern Plains are important because : (а) They are the largest alluvial plains in the world formed by the deposition of silt by the major rivers of the plain. (b) The rivers are navigable and have water in them throughout the year (Perennial). (c) Flat land helps in the construction of roads and railways. (d) Irrigation facilities have made the plains the largest wheat growing areas. (e) A number of H.E.P. Projects have been constructed which have helped in irrigation and generation of power.

13. Thanks From :- group-2