Aaaaaaaaaaaaaaassssssssssssssssseeeeeeeaaaaaa

Czechoslovakia

1. NOTE MAKING

2. USES EASY TO RECALL HELPS TO CONCENTRATE LECTURES SAVES TIME AS SCRUTINIZED. PROMOTES ACTIVE LISTENING

3. 1. A good business letter is one that gets results. The best way to get results is to develop a letter that, in its appearance, style and content, conveys information efficiently. To perform this function, a business letter should be concise, clear and courteous. 2. The business letter must be concise: don’t waste words. Little introduction or preliminary chat is necessary. Get to the point, make the point, and leave it. It is safe to assume that your letter is being read by a very busy person with all kinds of papers to deal with. Re-read and revise your message until the words and sentences you have used are precise. This takes time, but is a necessary part of a good business letter. A short business letter that makes its point quickly has much more impact on a reader than a long-winded, rambling exercise in creative writing. This does not mean that there is no place for style and even, on occasion, humour in the business letter. While it conveys a message in its contents, the letter also provides the reader with an impression of you, its author: the medium is part of the message. 3. The business letter must be clear. You should have a very firm idea of what you want to say, and you should let the reader know it. Use the structure of the letter—the paragraphs, topic sentences, introduction and conclusion—to guide the reader point by point from your thesis, through your reasoning, to your conclusion. Paragraph often, to break up the page and to lend an air of organisation to the letter. Use an accepted business-letter format. Re-read what you have written from the point of view of someone who is seeing it for the first time, and be sure that all explanations are adequate, all information provided (including reference numbers, dates, and other identification). A clear message, clearly delivered, is the essence of business communication. 4. The business letter must be courteous. Sarcasm and insults are ineffective and can often work against you. If you are sure you are right, point that out as politely as possible, explain why you are right, and outline what the reader is expected to do about it. Another form of courtesy is taking care in your writing and typing of the business letter. Grammatical and spelling errors (even if you call them typing errors) tell a reader that you don’t think enough of him or can lower the reader’s opinion of your personality faster than anything you say, no matter how idiotic. There are excuses for ignorance; there are no excuses for sloppiness. 5. The business letter is your custom-made representative. It speaks for you and is a permanent record of your message. It can pay big dividends on the time you invest in giving it a concise message, a clear structure, and a courteous tone. Writing a Business Letter 1. Features of a gd. busns letter 1.1 conveys info efficiently to get results 1.2 is concise 1.3 is clear 1.4 is courteous 2. How to write a gd. busns. letter 2.1 Making letter concise 2.1.1 Intro shd be brief 2.1.2 make your pt in precise words and sent’s 2.1.3 short letr more effective 2.1.4 style is imp.—may ocasnly have hum’r 2.2 Achieving clarity 2.2.1 Have a clear idea of what you wish to say 2.2.2 structr the letter—intro & conclsn. 2.2.3 use accepted format; para, topic, sent’s 2.2.4 check facts, expl’ns, refs. 2.3 Being courteous 2.3.1 Expln. your pt. politely—avoid sarcasm/insults. 2.3.2 careful wrtg & typg. 2.3.3 gram. & spel’g errors to be avoided 3. Importance of busns. letr 3.1 a representative 3.2 permanent rec. message.

4. Note Making uses the following strategies Step 1 - Good reading and inferance Step 2 - Identify the main point and supportive points Step 3 - Heading and Sub-headings Step 4 - Numbering and Indentation Step 5 - Abbreviation and Symbols Step 6 - Note-form

5. Step 1 - Read well Online education has become increasingly popular in recent years, revolutionizing the way people learn. With the rise of technology and the internet, students can now access high-quality education from the comfort of their homes. One of the primary reasons for this growth is the flexibility that online education offers. Students can learn at their own pace, choose courses that fit their schedules, and balance other commitments like work or family. The ability to access course materials at any time, whether day or night, allows students to tailor their study hours around their personal and professional lives. Another factor driving the popularity of online education is the wide variety of courses available. Learners can enroll in anything from short certificate programs to full degree courses, often from prestigious universities around the world. This has made education more accessible, especially for those living in remote areas or individuals who cannot attend traditional schools. Moreover, the cost-effectiveness of online education plays a significant role. Online courses often have lower tuition fees and eliminate the need for commuting or relocating, making higher education more affordable. Despite some challenges, such as the lack of in-person interaction and the need for self-discipline, online education continues to grow. With flexible timing and technological advancements, it is likely to become an even more integral part of the global education system.

6. Ask yourself Questions to Ask Yourself While Reading: What is the author saying about this topic? What does the author want me to know or believe about this topic? Questions to Ask Yourself While Reflecting: What is the message I take away from this reading? What point does the information add up to? What idea does the author reinforce in the conclusion? What is the final impression I have about this topic?

7. What does it talk about ? The Growing Popularity of Online Education

8. Why has online education become popular?

9. Step 2 Heading and Sub-headings Heading - Main Point Sub Heading - Supportive points

10. Main Sentence: The Growing Popularity of Online Education Supportive Sentences People are increasingly comfortable working in computers Reliable internet access is more common. Online classes are affordable Online classes are flexible

11. Step 3 Number them

12. Online Learning I. The Growing Popularity of Online Education a. People are increasingly comfortable working in computers b. Reliable internet access is more common. c. Online classes are affordable d. Online classes are flexible

13. Step 4 Use Abbreviation / Symbols I. The Growing Popularity of OE a. People are increasingly comfortable working in computers b. Reliable internet access is more common. c. OC are affordable d. OC are flexible Key : OE - Online Education OC - Online classes

14. CHARACTERISTIC - 1 BRIEF – BUT INTELLIGIBLE NOT ALWAYS GRAMMATICALLY CORRECT Blockage of arteries leads to a defective blood supply to the heart. This results in the well known symptoms of pain on emotional or physical stress called angina. Blockage of arteries def. blood supply Angina USES SUB DIVISIONS USES ABBREVIATION

15. CHARACTERISTIC - 2 RELEVANT FACTS Distinguishing important from unimportant information. identify key words and key points(Take notes selectively. Do NOT try to write down every word.) Clue words indicate that important information is forthcoming. Examples of clue words are: “above all,” “next,” “in addition to,” “most importantly,” “advantages,” “disadvantages,” “reasons,” and “types.”

16. CHARACTERISTIC - 3 ALL points are arranged as Main/ Topic points and Sub points 1. The Importance of the Tests of Life a) Illness& Suffering build Char. b) Simple hearted-View disability + vely eg: boy with hunch-backed companion.

17. Look at this example paragraph:  There are many uses for this great product. --- TOPIC SENTENCE Some mix it with chocolate to make cake icing. -- DETAIL SENTENCE It is the main ingredient in some milkshake mixes. -- DETAIL SENTENCE It will also kill rats in small amounts. -- DETAIL SENTENCE

18. Passage One Passing fears are common in early childhood. Many 2- to 4-year-olds are afraid of animals, especially dogs. By 6 years, children are more likely to be afraid of the dark. Other common fears are of thunderstorms, doctors, and imaginary creatures.

19. The  topic  of this paragraph is A) fear. B) passing fears. C) two-to-four year olds fear of animals. D) common fears

20. The  stated main idea/ Topic Sentence  of this paragraph is A) Passing fears are common in early childhood. B) Many 2- to 4-year olds are afraid of animals, especially dogs. C) By 6 years, children are more likely to be afraid of the dark. D) Other common fears are of thunderstorms, doctors, and imaginary creatures.

21. Passage Two  There are gender differences in adolescents' satisfaction with their bodies. Compared with boys, girls are usually less happy with their bodies and have more negative body images. Also, as puberty proceeds, girls often become even more dissatisfied with their bodies. This is probably because their body fat increases. In contrast, boys become more satisfied as they move through puberty, probably because their muscle mass increases.

22. The   topic  of this paragraph is A) adolescents' satisfaction with their bodies. B) girls' negative body images. C) puberty. D) boys' muscle mass during puberty.

23. LISTING The topic is summarized one point after another and listed: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8,9,10 (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x) a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, Or using decimals: 1.1, 1.2, 1.2.1, 1.2.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

24. abbreviation and & and others (people) et. al. and other things etc. answer A approximately , approx., c. at @

25. because before example : centimetre cm century C chapter ch. compare cf. correct decreases, falls degrees � department dept. divided by � east E equal to = equivalent to

26. especially esp. for example e.g. government govt. greater than > grows, increases important N.B. in one year p.a. information info. kilogram kg less than < maximum max. minimum min. minus - much greater than >>

27. page p. pages pp. percent % plus + possibly poss. probably prob. question Q results from results in, leads to same as above " similar to that is to say, in other words i.e. therefore . . .

28. USES OF ARROW MARKS a. Rheumatic hid Untreated throat infection. b.

29. Related to Underlining Mathematical Symbols f. Abbreviations Abd – abdomen A.m. Morning Amb – Ambulatory Walking Appox – Approximately Ax- Auxillary ( arm pit) B.M. – Bowel movements BP – Blood pressure C. – Celsius