ABA-Teaching-play-and-leisure-skills.pptx

Teaching play and leisure skills

1. Applied Behavior Analysis for Teaching Play and Leisure Skills Reported by: JELICA L. ESQUILLO

2. Why Teach Play and Leisure Skills?

3. Benefits of play and leisure for children and adults Social Development: Enhances social skills through interaction with peers, sharing, and cooperation . Emotional Development: Provides an outlet for expressing emotions and coping with stress . Cognitive Development: Stimulates problem-solving, creativity, and cognitive flexibility.

4. Physical Health: Promotes physical activity, coordination, and overall health . Independence: Encourages self-reliance and decision-making . Quality of Life: Improves overall well-being and happiness through engaging in enjoyable activities.

5. Assessing Baseline Skills Initial assessment methods: Observations: Watch the individual during play and leisure activities to identify current skills and behaviors . Interviews: Speak with caregivers, teachers, or the individuals themselves to gather information on their interests and abilities . Standardized Assessments: Use tools such as the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales or ABLLS-R to evaluate skill levels .

6. Identifying Strengths and Areas for Improvement: Create a list of existing skills and competencies . Identify gaps or areas where development is needed . Prioritize skills that are crucial for immediate improvement and those that will be beneficial in the long term.

7. Setting Measurable Goals: Define clear, specific, and measurable goals based on assessment findings . Ensure goals are achievable and relevant to the individual's needs and interests . Examples: "Increase time spent in cooperative play with peers by 10 minutes within 3 months" or "Teach turn-taking in a board game over 4 weeks."

8. Task Analysis It involves breaking down a complex skill or behavior into smaller, more manageable steps . Each step is taught individually and sequentially to ensure mastery of the entire task.

9. Steps to Conduct Task Analysis Identify the target skill or behavior . Observe and/or perform the task to understand the necessary steps . Break the task down into small, teachable components . Sequence the steps logically from the beginning to the end.

10. Application in Play and Leisure Activities

11. Benefits of Task Analysis Clarifies the teaching process . Provides clear benchmarks for progress . Facilitates individualized instruction . Enhances skill acquisition and independence.

12. Reinforcement Strategies Types of Reinforcement: Positive Reinforcement : Adding a desirable stimulus after a behavior to increase its frequency . Examples: Praise, tokens, treats, extra playtime.

13. Negative Reinforcement: Removing an aversive stimulus after a behavior to increase its frequency . Examples: Ending a task when a child complies, turning off a loud noise when the desired behavior is shown.

14. Choosing Effective Reinforces: Preference Assessments : Identify what items or activities are most motivating to the individual . Conduct surveys, observe choices, or use trial-based methods.

15. Individualization : Ensure reinforces are tailored to the individual’s preferences and needs . Regularly update and vary reinforces to maintain their effectiveness.

16. Examples of Reinforcement in Play and Leisure Providing extra time with a favorite toy after a child successfully shares with a peer . Offering a token that can be exchanged for a preferred activity after completing a play task . Giving verbal praise and a high-five immediately after a child correctly follows game rules.

17. Generalization and Maintenance Generalization involves the transfer of learned skills to new environments, situations, or stimuli . Ensures that behaviors are not limited to specific settings or conditions.

18. Strategies for Promoting Generalization Multiple Settings : Teach skills in various environments (e.g., home, school, playground ). Example: Practice social skills both in the classroom and during recess.

19. Varied Stimuli: Use different materials, people, and prompts during teaching . Example: Teach a child to identify colors using different objects like crayons, toys, and pictures.

20. Natural Reinforcement : Use naturally occurring consequences and reinforces. Example: Allowing extra playtime after cooperative play rather than a token.

21. Overlearning : Continue to practice skills even after they are mastered . Example: Regularly reviewing and practicing safety rules even if the child consistently follows them.

22. Teaching Multiple Examples : Provide various examples and non-examples during instruction . Example: Teaching the concept of sharing with different toys and in different scenarios.

23. Examples of Generalization and Maintenance Play Skills: Teaching a child to play a game with peers in different settings (classroom, home, park ). Ensuring the child can follow game rules with different groups of children.

24. Leisure Skills : Practicing leisure activities like reading or drawing in various environments . Encouraging participation in different types of leisure activities to enhance generalization.