Abatement of pollution

Pollution being an endangerment to the living beings present all over the globe which impinges people's lives everyday. Major life threatening illnesses have been reported worldwide due to chronic exposure to pollution.WHO reports 6.5million premature deaths every year due to pollution which is a major threat to the human existence.This presentation discusses about the different types of pollution, its health effects, the steps being taken to control pollution in India and the ways to control the pollution. I hope this helps atleast a bit to make the world a better place for us to live!!

1. ABATEMENT OF POLLUTION Presented by Dr.R.Sindhu IInd year Postgraduate SRM Dental College

2. CONTENTS Introduction Control authorities of pollution Noise pollution abatement Air pollution Auto fuel policy Air quality monitoring Industrial pollution Preventive strategies and activities EPA & CPCB Pollution control implementation Waste minimization Waste Water treatment Conclusion References

3. INTRODUCTION Increased urbanisation, vehicular and industrial pollution, contamination of water with pollutants has reduced environment quality Realizing this trend of pollution; the Ministry adopted policy for abatement of pollution Regulations Legislations Agreements fiscal incentives and other measures to prevent and abate pollution. POLLUTION CONTROL ACTIVITIES: Control of Pollution (CP) Division in the Ministry.

4. Development of Environmental Standards

5. Charter on Corporate Responsibility for Environment Protection (CREP)

6. National Environment Appellate Authority (NEAA)

7. Noise pollution(Regulation and control ) Rules,2000 80DB or >8 hours a day increases tension,changes in breathing patterns and causes deafness. Prolonged exposure to intense noise levels causes permanent hearing loss Noise pollution

8. NOISE ABATEMENT TECHNOLOGIES

9. 321 Air Quality Monitoring Stations are operational covering 25 States and 4 Union Territories. Out of these, on-line data display is available in respect of 298 stations. Automatic Air Quality Monitoring Stations have been set up in Hyderabad and Bangalore for continuous air quality monitoring. CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2) SULPHUR OXIDES ( SOx ) NITROGEN OXIDES ( NOx ) CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) PARTICULATE MATTER (PM) Emissions from Power stations Emissions from Industrial Processes Vehicular Emissions Emissions from Burning of Solid Waste Emissions from Natural Sources such as Volcanic Eruptions & Forest Fires SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION

10. AUTO FUEL POLICY The first Indian emission regulations were idle emission limi ts which became effective in 1989. These idle emission regulations were soon replaced by mass emission limits for both gasoline (1991) and diesel (1992) vehicles, which were gradually tightened during the 1990s. Since the year 2000, India started adopting European emission and fuel regulations for four-wheeled light-duty and for heavy-duty vehicles . India’s own emission regulations still apply to two- and three-wheeled vehicles . Use of cleaner fuels, automobile technologies and enforcement measures for in use vehicles through improved Pollution Under control (PUC) certification system.

11. Severe air pollution episodes at the end of 2015 in Delhi lead to a number of Supreme Court rulings announcing that they would move the implementation date for BS VI(2021) to April 1, 2020 for all models and skip over BS V standards. A new draft proposal was published in February 2016. www.dieselnet.com

12. Smoke Control Action Plan (SCAP ) August 2013 to November 2014 -198 vehicles contravened -104 Prohibition Notices have been served Launched: August 2013 2 Main Components: - Enforcement (road side checks and contraventions of smoky vehicles by Police) - Sensitization campaign (TV and radio)

13. National Air Quality Monitoring Programme The network consists of 326 monitoring stations covering 116 cities/towns in 28 States and 4 Union Territories of the country. New Monitoring stations were sanctioned in cities Chandigarh Cuttack Sambalpur Berhampur Tarapur Industrial Area Lote Industrial area Hyderabad Ramagundum Navi Mumbai Kurnool Visakhapatnam Patencheru Vijayawada Mandi Gobindgarh Khanna Baddi Kala Amb and Barotiwala.

14. Industrial pollution CAUSES: Unregistered small scale units Lack of pollution control systems Lack of common treatment facilities Lack of economically viable treatment technologies Lack of awareness Particulate matters releases from cement industries  PNEUMOCONIOSIS in Gulbarga, Mangalore,Raichur , Shimoga and Davangere Chlorides Nitrates Heavy metals Organic compounds

15. PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES ENVIRONMENTAL STATISTICS AND MAPPING Projects and pilot studies have been initiated through various research institutions and organizations. Under this program, following studies are under progress - GIS based Hydrological Modelling for Water Quality and Quantity in Cauvery River Basin by IIT, Delhi. - Geochemical baseline Mapping for Environmental Management by National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad.

16. Carrying Capacity Studies in various parts of the country(Greater Kochi Region, Doon Valley, Damodar River Basin, Tapi Estuary and National Capital Region) Natural Resource Accounting Studies for Upper Yamuna Basin Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Studies in Thermal Power Plants, Steel, Pulp and Paper and Cement Other pollution prevention and waste utilisation and management studies. ✦ Environmental Pollution Control in Agrobased paper Industry by Implementation of Lignin precipitation System ( LPS) Technology by ABC Paper, Distt . Hosiarpur , Punjab. ✦ Development of Air Pollution Control Package for medium Scale Lime Kilns by National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur. ✦ Design and Development of Computer Numerical Controlled Eco-friendly Welding Machine by Annamalai University, TamilNadu .

17. Waste minimization in small scale industries O bjective: optimize raw material consumption Save energy Reduce waste generation

18. Industries should not discharge environmental pollutants exceeding the standards Procedural safeguards for industrial workers THE ENVIRONMENT (PROTECTION) ACT, 1986 http ://envfor.nic.in/legis/env/env1.html

19. Central pollution control board I dentified 1551 large and medium industries in 17 categories of highly polluting industries, contributing maximum to the pollution load. They have been given time schedule to install necessary pollution control equipments to comply with the prescribed standards . Almost all the defaulting units are either in the advance stage of installing the pollution control measures or under legal action for default.

20. POLLUTION PREVENTION & CONTROL (PPC) Division Capacity Building for Industrial Pollution Management Project (CBIPMP) National Program for Rehabilitation of Polluted Sites (NPRPS) 10 highly polluted sites have been identified for remediation on pilot basis. 2 in Andhra Pradesh Noor Mohammed Kunta in Hyderabad and municipal dumpsite in Kadapa 8 in West Bengal Dhapa municipal dump site in Kolkata and seven hazardous waste sites in Hooghly district http://www.moef.nic.in/sites/default/files/cbipmp/index.htm

21. National Ozone Units Work with PPC division NOUs are Government units in developing countries that are responsible for managing their national programmes to comply with the  Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer M onitor the Phasing-Out of Chlorofluorocarbons COMMON EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT Centrally Sponsored Scheme undertaken by the Ministry, for enabling the small scale industries to set-up new and upgrade the existing Common Effluent Treatment Plants in the country . Allocation of Rs.4.38 crores has been provided for the on going Projects Mahad Thane- Belapur Tarapur Maharashtra and Veraval Gujarat. Pattern of Financial Assistance: ✧ State subsidy - 25% ✧ Central subsidy - 25% ✧ Entrepreneurs contribution - 20% ✧ Loan from financial institutions - 30% of the total project cost

22. Pollution Control Implementation

23. Initiated under the Tenth Plan to bring in visible environmental improvement in the small and medium towns. The following towns have been taken under first phase of Eco-cities programme to bring in visible environmental improvement: ✧ Vrindavan (Uttar Pradesh) ✧ Tirupati (Andhra Pradesh) ✧ Puri (Orissa) ✧ Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh) ✧ Kottayam (Kerala) ✧ Thanjavour (Tamil Nadu)

24. Management of hazardous substances

25. Wastewater Generation and Treatment Monitoring of Yamuna river for assessment of water quality Bio-monitoring of rivers/water bodies Ganga action plan

26. Enforcing Agencies

27. CONCLUSION BS (VI) norm to be formulated considering air quality and health impact data. Clean fuel like CNG, LPG, BioClean Bio--fuel and Bio-diesel to be promoted in a big way. Future fuel (such as hydrogen) and vehicle technology ( such as hybrid vehicle) to be promoted. Continuous air quality monitoring to be further strengthened and data to be posted in CPCB/MOEF website for public information. Major thrust to be given for transportation New ambient air quality standard finalized and recommended by CPCB based upon health impact should be notified quickly. Fuel adulteration to be checked. Policy on SO2/NOX control from industrial sources to be finalized.

28. Clean coal technology to be promoted in a bigger way . Fly ash management specially from thermal power plant to be given priority. Policy on So2/NOX control in industrial area to be finalized. 􀃂 Hazardous air pollution assessment and control to be promoted in Hazardous in chemical industrial zones. Major thrust to be given to control air pollution from SSI units like stone crushers , brick klin , sponge iron plants, lime kiln, foundry etc CREP recommendation as finalized by CPCB to be implemented for 17 categories of highly polluting industries. Action plan to be implemented in 24 critically polluted areas as Action identified by CPCB.

29. References Shrivastava RK, Neeta S, Geeta G. Air pollution due to road transportation in India: A review on assessment and reduction strategies. Journal of environmental research and development. 2013 Jul 1;8(1):69 . Levine AD, Asano T. Peer reviewed: recovering sustainable water from wastewater . Guidelines for Abatement of Pollution In Textile Industry.Published by Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, 4 , Institutional Area, Jhalana Dungri , Jaipur. DieselNet : Emission Standards The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986. Annex A-2 : Population Projections Industrial pollution.State of the environment report-2003. envfor.nic.in/ legis / ucp /ucpsch8.html Abatement of pollution:Annual report 2004-2005 Abatement of pollution:Annual report 2006-2007 The noise pollution(regulation and control)rules,2000. Strategies and Policies for Air Pollution Abatement. UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR EUROPE.2010 Freeman III AM. Air and water pollution control: a benefit-cost assessment . Bagchi A. Design, construction, and monitoring of landfills.