ABDOMINAL WALL ANATOMY.pptx

anatomy of abdominal wall

1. Anatomy of abdominal wall PRESENTED BY VENTATA SAI TEJA KOPPUKONDA (2102507)

2. ABDOMINAL WALL : Abdominal wall represents the boundaries of the abdominal cavity. It is providing flexible coverage and protecting the internal organs from damage. It is bounded superiorly by the xiphoid process and costal margins, posteriorly by the vertebral column and inferiorly by the pelvic bones and inguinal ligament. The abdominal wall can be divided into two sections : anterolateral and posterior abdominal walls.

3. Topographical divisions of the abdomen are used to describe the location of abdominal organs and the pain Pelvic cavity.  ​ The two schemes most often used are:  ​  a four-quadrant pattern and       ​  a nine-region pattern.  ​

4. SKIN : Skin is the outermost layer of abdominal wall. It protect us from microbes and the elements, helps regulate body temperature . In the layers of abdominal wall there are large numbers of nerves that goes between skin and muscles of the abdomen. Superficial fascia ​ : The superficial fascia of the abdominal wall (subcutaneous tissue of abdomen) is a layer of fatty connective tissue . This forms the thin, single layer above the umbilicus. Below the umbilicus, it is divided into two layers The fatty superficial layer called camper’s fascia The deep layer called Scarpa’s fascia. ​

5. Anterolateral muscles : ​ Anterolateral muscles There are five muscles in the anterolateral group of abdominal wall muscles:  ​ • three flat muscles  ​        -the external oblique,  ​        -internal oblique,   ​        -transversus abdominis muscles. ​  • two vertical muscles,  ​         -the rectus abdominis  ​         -pyramidalis muscles ​

6. The most superficial of the three flat muscles in the anterolateral group of abdominal wall muscles is the external oblique, which is immediately deep to the superficial fascia. ​ Its laterally placed muscle fibers pass in an inferomedial direction, while its large aponeurotic component covers the anterior part of the abdominal wall to the midline. ​ Associated ligaments : ​     - Inguinal ligament. ​     - Lacunar ligament. ​     - Pectineal (cooper’s) ligament, ​ Second of three flat muscles. ​ Smaller and thinner  ​ Superomedial direction. ​ At anterior ends forms aponeurosis that blends into  linea  alba  ​ External oblique : Internal oblique:

7. Transversus abdominis ​ : Deep to internal oblique muscle. ​ Named so because of direction of most of its muscles. ​ Ends in an anterior aponeurosis blends with  linea  alba . ​ Transversalis fascia : ​   Covers all these flat muscles anterior and posterior surface of deep fascia . ​

8. Rectus abdominis It is a long, flat muscle, anterior abdominal wall. It paired muscle separated by linea alba in midline and it ascends from pubic symphysis wider and thinner. It is intersected by 3 or 4 transvers fibrous bands or tendious intersection.

9. Pyramidalis : ​ Second vertical muscle. Small triangular in shape. ​ It may or may not be present. ​ It is anterior to rectus abdominis and has its  base  on pubic and its apex is attached superior and medially to  linea  alba. ​ Rectus sheath The rectus abdominis and pyramidalis is covered by aponeurotic tendinous sheath (Rectus sheath).  ​ It is formed by aponeuroses of external, internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscle. ​ It covers the upper three quadrants of rectus abdominis and lower one quadrant of anterior surface.  ​

10. POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL MUSCLES : Psoas major muscle Iliacus muscle Quadratus lumborum muscle Psoas minor muscle

11. Extraperitoneal fascia Deep to transversalis fascia is layer of connective tissue called extraperitoneal fascia. It separates the extraperitoneal fascia from peritoneum. It lines both the abdominal and the pelvic cavity.

12. Peritoneum Deep to extraperitoneal fascia is a peritoneum. It is thin serous membrane lining the wall of abdominal cavity. Peritoneum that lining the walls is called parietal peritoneum. Peritoneum lining the viscera is called visceral peritoneum.

13. Thank you