Abnormal constituents of urine

Abnormal constituents of urine
1. ABNORMAL CONSTITUENTS OF URINE
2. Introduction o Urine is an excretory product of the body o It is formed in the body o Urine examination helps in the dignosis of various disease Volume :the average output of urine is about 1.5Lt/day. urine volume may be increased in excess water intake ,diabetes and renal disease. urine volume may be decreased in sweating , dehydration and kidney damage o Physical characteristics of urine appearance :

1. ABNORMAL CONSTITUENTS OF URINE

2. Introduction Urine is an excretory product of the body It is formed in the body Urine examination helps in the dignosis of various disease Volume :the average output of urine is about 1.5Lt/day. urine volume may be increased in excess water intake ,diabetes and renal disease. urine volume may be decreased in sweating , dehydration and kidney damage Physical characteristics of urine appearance : normal urine is clear and straw coloured

3. CONSTITUENTS OF URINE Normal constituents of urine 1 . organic : non-protein nitrogenous compounds like ammonia ,urea 2 . inorganic : chloride ,phosphate , sulphate Abnormal constituents of urine 1. Sugar 5 . bile salt 2. protein 3. ketone bodies 4. blood

4. SUGAR Normally urine contain small amount of reducing sugar like glucose Normally less than 0.1 gm/day Glycosuria – presence of sugar in urine Glucosuria- presence of glucose in urine In Pathological condition glucosuria associated with hyperglycemia and its physiological cond. High carbohydrate intake

5. detection Fehling test - boil 2ml of urine in a test tube A - boil 2ml fehling reagent in another test tube B - Add A to B and mix - yellow and green ppt is absorbed Benedict test - 5ml benedict reagent + 8drops of urine sample and set in a boiling water bath for 5min - brick red colour and green colour is absorbed