Abrasion ( Regressive Alterations of Teeth)

Abrasion ( Regressive Alterations of Teeth)
Reference books:-
Shafer’s Textbook:- https://amzn.to/3eNCqRx

Purkait textbook:- https://amzn.to/30AfTCq

What is Abrasion?
Causes of abrasion
Treatment of abrasion
Clinical features of Abrasion
Definition of Abrasion:- Abrasion is the pathological wearing of dental tissues or dental restorations by friction with foreign substances independent of occlusion.

Etiology and pathogenesis of Abrasion
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1. REGRESSIVE ALTERATIONS OF TEETH ( PART 2 ) Abrasion

2. Abrasion is the pathological wearing of dental tissue or dental restorations by friction with foreign substances independent of occlusion. ABRASION : -

3. Usually occurs on the exposed root surfaces of teeth. Robinson stated that the most common cause of Abrasion of root surface is the use of an abrasive dentifrices.

4. #Causes of Abrasion :- Toothbrush abrasion Habitual Abrasion Occupational Abrasion Abrasion by prosthetic appliances Ritual Abrasion

5. 1)TOOTHBRUSH ABRASION :- - faulty toothbrush technique Mostly occurs when the tooth brushing is done in horizontal direction. - If excessive force is applied on the teeth during brushing -When abrasive dentifrices is used

6. 2)HABITUAL ABRASION : - -Excessive Habitual chewing of betel nut, tobacco and pan, etc. Causes Abrasion of teeth. Habitual pipe smokers may develop Abrasion on the incisal edge of upper n lower anterior teeth due to continuous biting on the pipe stem. - -Chronic habitual bitting of pencils, Bobby pins (HAIR GRIPS) n threads, etc. Often cause Abrasion. - Improper n habitual use of tooth prick or dental floss, etc. Can cause abrasions on the proximal surface of teeth.

7. 3) Occupational Abrasion:- - Develops when object or instruments are habitually held between the teeth by professionals during work Like - hairpins Carpenters often keep small tools or nails between their teeth when they are at work n this type of practice cause abrasion of teeth. Similar type of Abrasion can also seen in tailors and smokers

8. 4)Abrasion by prosthetic appliances :- - Faulty clasp design in removable partial denture (RPD) Prosthesis may also cause abrasion of tooth.

9. 5) Ritual Abrasion :- Ritual Abrasion are uncommon nowadays and mainly confined in Africa.

10. #CLINICAL FEATURES OF ABRASIONS:- - In Abrasion of tooth, the type and severity of surface wear will depend upon the duration and the type of faulty habit adopted by the person. - Clinical manifestation differ in different types of habit.

11. - The Abrasion produces a 'V' shaped or wedge shaped horizontal conical notch on the buccal surface of teeth. The notch will have sharp angles and highly polished dentin surface. - Toothbrush abrasions commonly occurs on the cervical areas of labial or buccal surfaces of teeth.

12. - Canine and premolar being the more prominent teeth are often more severely affected by abrasion. - Teeth on the left side are more affected in the right handed person ( vice versa ) . - Maxillary arch are more affected than the Mandibular arch .

13. - In cervical Abrasion , lessions are more often wide than deep . - Tooth Abrasion also cause gingival recession . - In pipe smokers , abrasions develop on the incisal surface of upper and lower anterior teeth .

14. - Abrasion caused by habitual holding of nails or needles or other small tools by the tailors or shoe make r s or Carpenters etc . Often produce a small , deep , well polished ' ditch ' on incisal edge of t e e t h - Faulty use of tooth pick or dentalfloss cause loss of dentin and cementum , specially of the root surfaces on the proximal walls of tooth . - Severe Abrasion may cause opening of dentinal tubules and patient may experience sensitivity in the affected teeth due to hot and co l d substances .

15. - secondary or reactionary dentin usually forms on the pulpul surface to protect the teeth from pulp exposure . - If left untreated , the lesion may deepen further and it may eventually expose the dental pulp with subsequent of pulpits and other associated manifestations .

16. Treatment :- - Avoidance of abnormal brushing habits prevents abrasions , however in already developed cases restorative treatment helps to keep the tooth surface intact and also it prevents further tooth wear .

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