Abscess.pptx

Lecture notes for medical students

1. Tips on using my ppt. You can freely download, edit, modify and put your name etc. Don’t be concerned about number of slides. Half the slides are blanks except for the title. First show the blank slides (eg. Aetiology ) > Ask students what they already know about ethology of today's topic. > Then show next slide which enumerates aetiologies. At the end rerun the show – show blank> ask questions > show next slide. This will be an ACTIVE LEARNING SESSION x three revisions. Good for self study also. See notes for bibliography.

2. Introduction & History.

3. Introduction & History. Abscess is a localised collection of pus . Pus is composed of Tissue debris Dead and alive leucocytes Dead and alive bacteria. Laudable pus.- Pus was considered good beacause it precedes cure. Represents near win of body”s defenses .

4. Etiology

5. Etiology Idiopathic Congenital/Genetic Traumatic Infections /Infestation Autoimmune Neoplastic (Benign/Malignant) Degenerative Iatrogenic

6. Etiology: Predisposing factors Impaired host defense mechanisms eg , HIV The presence of foreign bodies Obstruction to normal drainage ( eg , in the urinary, biliary , or respiratory tracts) Tissue ischemia or necrosis Hematoma or excessive fluid accumulation in tissue Trauma

7. Etiology Numerous organisms can cause abscesses, but the most common is Staphylococcus aureus .

8. Pathophysiology

9. Pathophysiology Abscesses may begin in an area of  cellulitis or in compromised tissue where leukocytes accumulate. Progressive dissection by pus or necrosis of surrounding cells expands the abscess. Highly vascularized connective tissue may then surround the necrotic tissue, leukocytes, and debris to wall off the abscess and limit further spread.

10. Pathophysiology

11. Pathophysiology Organisms may enter the tissue by- Direct implantation eg im injection. Spread from an established, contiguous infection Dissemination via lymphatic or hematogenous routes from a distant site Migration from a location where there are resident flora into an adjacent, normally sterile area because natural barriers are disrupted ( eg , by perforation of an abdominal viscus causing an intra-abdominal abscess)

12. Clinical Features

13. Clinical Features Demography Symptoms Signs Prognosis Complications

14. Symptoms

15. Symptoms Fever with spikes and chills. Local pain and tenderness Anorexia Weight loss Fatigue

16. Signs

17. Signs Signs of cutaneous and subcutaneous abscesses are pain, heat, swelling, tenderness, and redness. If superficial abscesses are ready to spontaneously rupture, the skin over the center of the abscess may thin, sometimes appearing white or yellow because of the underlying pus (termed pointing). The predominant manifestation of some abscesses is abnormal organ function ( eg , hemiplegia due to a brain abscess).

18. Complications

19. Complications Bacteremic spread Rupture into adjacent tissue Bleeding from vessels eroded by inflammation Impaired function of a vital organ Inanition due to anorexia and increased metabolic needs Antibioma Sterile abscess chronic draining sinuses

20. Investigations

21. Investigations Laboratory Studies Routine- leucocytosis , raised CRP Special – Blood culture, Imaging Studies Tissue diagnosis Cytology FNAC Histlogy

22. Diagnostic Studies

23. Diagnostic Studies Imaging Studies X-Ray USG CT Angiography MRI Endoscopy Nuclear scan- radiolabelled leucocytes.

24. Operative Therapy

25. Operative Therapy Drainage- Deroofing . Antibiotics when abscesses are large, deep, or surrounded by significant cellulitis . Aspiration. Conseervative – Amoebic Liver abscess.

26. Some common Abscesses

27. Some common Abscesses Brain Abscess Gluteal Injection abscess. Breast Abscess Lung abscess Liver Abscess Subphrenic Abscess Pelvic abscess. Psoas abscess.

28. Get this ppt in mobile Download Microsoft PowerPoint from play store. Open Google assistant Open Google lens. Scan qr code from next slide.

29. Get this ppt in mobile

30. Get my ppt collection https:// www.slideshare.net/drpradeeppande/edit_my_uploads https:// www.dropbox.com/sh/x600md3cvj85woy/AACVMHuQtvHvl_K8ehc3ltkEa?dl=0 https://www.facebook.com/doctorpradeeppande/?ref=pages_you_manage