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Abuse and Violence

1. Abuse and Violence

2. What is Abuse? Abuse is harmful or offensive treatment, often from someone the victim trusts. 2 Abuse and Violence 20XX

3. What is Violence - the intentional use of physical power or force that often results in injury, death, psychologieal harm, abnormal development or deprivation. 3 Abuse and Violence 20XX

4. The difference between the two was Violence may refer to one-off acts, while abuse usually refers to a prolonged pattern of behavior where one person tries to control another. Child abuse or maltreatment is generally defined as the intentional injury of a child. It can include physical abuse or injuries, neglect or failure to prevent harm, failure to provide adequate physical or emotional care or supervision, abandonment, sexual assault or intrusion, and overt torture or maiming. In the United States, each state defines child maltreatment, identifies specific reporting procedures, and establishes service delivery systems. 4 Abuse and Violence 20XX

5. Types of child abuse •physical abuse •sexual abuse •neglect •psychological abuse Republic Act No. 7610 , the 'Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act,' REPUBLIC ACT 11930 : ANTI-ONLINE SEXUAL ABUSE OR EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN ACT AND ANTI-CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE OF EXPLOITATION MATERIALS ACT 5 Abuse and Violence 20XX

6. Warning Signs of Children Who Are Abused/Neglected • Serious injuries such as fractures, burns, or lacerations with no reported history of trauma • Delay in seeking treatment for a significant injury • Child or parent giving a history inconsistent with severity of injury, such as a baby with contrecoup injuries to the brain (shaken baby syndrome) that the parents claim happened when the infant rolled off the sofa • Inconsistencies or changes in the child's history during the evaluation by either the child or the adult • Unusual injuries for the child's age and level of development, such as a fractured femur in a 2-month-old or a dislocated shoulder in a 2-year-old • High incidence of urinary tract infections. bruised, red, or swollen genitalia; tears or brus- ing of rectum or vagina • Evidence of old injuries not reported; such as scars, fractures not treated, and multiple bruises that parent or caregiver cannot explain adequately too severe for such a short fall. 6 Abuse and Violence 20XX

7. Treatment and Intervention The first part of treatment for child abuse or neglect is to ensure the child's safety and well-being. This may involve removing the child from the home, which can also be traumatic. Given the high risk of psychological problems, a thorough psychiatric evaluation is also indicated. A relationship of trust between the therapist and the child is crucial to help the child deal with the trauma of abuse. Depending on the severity and duration of abuse and the child's response, therapy may be indicated over a significant period Long-term treatment for the child usually involves professionals from several disciplines, such as psychiatry, social work, and psychology. The very young child may communicate best through play therapy, where they draw or act out situations with puppets or dolls rather than talk about what has happened or their feelings. Social service agencies are involved in determining whether returning the child to the parental home is possible based on whether parents can show benefit from treatment. 7 Abuse and Violence 20XX

8. Cycle of abuse and violence The cycle of violence or abuse is another reason often cited for why women have difficulty leaving abusive relationships. A typical pattern exists; usually, the initial episode of battering or violence is followed by a period during which the abuser expresses regret, apologizes, and promises i will never happen again. He professes his love for his wife and may even engage in romantic behavior. This period of contrition or remorse is sometimes called the honeymoon period. The woman naturally wants to believe her husband and hopes the violence was an solated incident. After this honeymoon period, the tension-building phase begins; there may be arguments, stony silence, or complaints from the husband. The tension ends in another violent episode, after which the abuser once again feels regret and remorse and promises to change. This cycle continually repeats itself. Each time, the victim keeps hoping the violence will stop. . 8 Abuse and Violence 20XX

9. Initially, the honeymoon period may last weeks or even months, causing the woman to believe that the relationship has improved and her husband's behavior has changed. Over time, however, the violent episodes are more frequent, the period of remorse disappears altogether, and the level of violence and severity of injuries worsen. RA9262 or the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act 9 Abuse and Violence 20XX

10. Assessment Because the majority of abused women do not seek immediate care, nurses must assist in identifying such women in a variety of situations. Nurses may come across women who have been abused at emergency rooms, clinics, or pediatricians' offices. Some victims may seek therapy for medical concerns unrelated to the abuse, such as pregnancy. A phenomenon called Date Rape (acquaintance rape) may occur on a first date, on a ride home from a party, or when the two people have known each other for some time. It is more prevalent around or on college campuses. Republic Act 8353 The Anti-Rape Law . 10 Abuse and Violence 20XX

11. Republic Act 11648 : An Act Providing for Stronger Protection Against Rape and Sexual Exploitation and Abuse, Increasing the Age for Determining the Commission of Statutory Rape REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8505 Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act . 11 Abuse and Violence 20XX

12. ELDER ABUSE Elder abuse is the maltreatment of older adults by family members or others in a caregiver role. It may include physical and sexual abuse, psychological abuse, neglect, self-neglect, financial exploitation, and denial of adequate medical treatment. It is estimated that one in 10 people over age 65 years are injured, exploited, abused, or neglected by their caregivers. POSSIBLE INDICATORS OF ELDER ABUSE Physical Abuse Indicators • Frequent, unexplained injuries accompanied by a habit of seeking medical assistance from various locations • Reluctance to seek medical treatment for injuries or denial of their existence • Disorientation or grogginess, indicating misuse of medications • Fear or edginess in the presence of family member or caregiver. . 12 Abuse and Violence 20XX

13. Psychosocial Abuse Indicators • Change in older adult's general mood or usual behavior • Isolated from previous friends or family • Sudden lack of contact from other people outside the older adult's home • Helplessness • Hesitance to talk openly • Anger or agitation • Withdrawal or depression Material Abuse Indicators • Unpaid bills • Standard of living below the older adult's means • Sudden sale or disposal of the older adult's property/possessions . 13 Abuse and Violence 20XX

14. A habit of seeking medical assistance from various locations • Reluctance to seek medical treatment for injuries or denial of their existence • Disorientation or grogginess, indicating misuse of medications • Fear or edginess in the presence of family member or caregiver Psychosocial Abuse Indicators • Change in older adult's general mood or usual behavior • Isolated from previous friends or family • Sudden lack of contact from other people outside the older adult's home • Helplessness • Hesitance to talk openly • Anger or agitation • Withdrawal or depression . 14 Abuse and Violence 20XX

15. Material Abuse Indicators • Unpaid bills • Standard of living below the older adult's means • Sudden sale or disposal of the older adult's property/possessions • Unusual or inappropriate activity in bank accounts • Signatures on checks that differ from the older adult's • Recent changes in will or power of attorney when the older adult is not capable of making those decisions • Missing valuable belongings that are not just misplaced • Lack of television, clothes, or personal items that are easily affordable • Unusual concern by the caregiver over the expense of the older adult's treatment when it is not the caregiver's money being spent. . 15 Abuse and Violence 20XX

16. Neglect Indicators • Poor personal hygiene • Lack of needed medications or therapies • Dirt, fecal or urine smell, or other health hazards in the older adult's living environment • Rashes, sores, or lice on the older adult • The older adult has an untreated medical condition or is malnourished or dehydrated not related to a known illness • Inadequate material items, such as clothing, blankets, furniture, and television. . 16 Abuse and Violence 20XX

17. FAMILY VIOLENCE Family violence encompasses spouse battering; neglect and physical, emotional, or sexual abuse of children; elder abuse; and marital rape. In many cases, family members tolerate abusive and violent behavior from relatives they would never accept from strangers. In violent families, the home, which is normally a safe haven of love and protec-tion , may be the most dangerous place for victims. Characteristics of Violent Families • Social isolation • Abuse of power and control • Alcohol and other drug abuse • Intergenerational transmission process . 17 Abuse and Violence 20XX

18. Social Isolation One characteristic of violent families is social isolation. Members of these families keep to themselves and usually do not invite others into the home or tell anyone what is happening. Abuse of Power and Control The family member who is abusive almost always holds a position of power and control over the victim. The abuser exerts not only physical power but also economic and social control. Intergenerational Transmission The intergenerational transmission process shows that patterns of violence are perpetuated from one generation to the next through role modeling and social learning. Intergenerational transmission suggests that family violence is a learned pattern of behavior. . 18 Abuse and Violence 20XX

19. INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE is the mistreatment or misuse of one person of another in the context of an emotionally intimate relationship. The relationship may be spousal between partners, boyfriend girlfriend, or an estranged relationship. The abuse can be emotional or psychological, physical, sexual or a combination. RA 9262 acknowledges that women who have retaliated against their partner or who commit violence as a form of self-defense may have suffered from Battered Woman Syndrome (BWS). Psychological abuse (emotional abuse) includes name calling belittling, screaming, yelling, destroying property, and making threats as well as subtler forms, such as refusing to speak to or ignoring the victim. . 19 Abuse and Violence 20XX

20. Neglect is malicious or, ignorant withholding of physical, emotional, or educational necessities for the childs well-being. Child abuse by neglect is the most prevalent type of maltreatment and includes refusal to seek health care or delay doing so abandonment; inadequate supervision; reckless disregard for the child's safety; punitive, exploitive, or abusive emotional treatment; spousal abuse in the child's presence; giving the child permission to be truant: or failing to enroll the child in school. Ostracism, ignoring and excluding a target individ-ual , has recently emerged as one of the more common and damaging forms of bullying. The victim experiences threats to belonging, self-esteem, meaningful existence, and sense of control. Ostracism may pose an even greater threat to children's adjustment than bullying. . 20 Abuse and Violence 20XX

21. sodomy (anal intercourse) as a crime, even though such laws were invalidated by the Supreme Court in 2003. The same-sex batterer has an additional weapon to use against the victim: the threat of revealing the partners homosexuality to friends, family, employers, or the community. . 21 Abuse and Violence 20XX

22. Stalking, or repeated and persistent attempts to impose unwanted communication or contact on another person, is a problem. In addition to abusive partner stalking when the end of the relationship is not #nepted, other stalkers are "would-be lovers." pursuing ret on ships that have never even existed, doctors stalked patients or famous people stalked by "fans" Lifeliked alence rates of stalking are one in six women and one 19 men. Among college students. 12% to 13% reponne being the victim of a stalker (Violence Prevention andred tos Center/John Carroll University, 2018). Cyberstalking can be monitoring following intruding into another's social media, using a false identity to get back into the per sms life, or tracking his or her location with a cell phone. These have all become more common in recent years, and has become more difficult to detect the stalker (Lund & Ross, 2017). . 22 Abuse and Violence 20XX

23. restraining order (protection order) from her county of residence that legally prohibits the abuser from approaching or contacting her. Never the less, a restraining order provides only limited protection The abuser may decide to violate the order and severely injure or kill the woman before police can intervene Some states have enacted laws removing firearms from persons identified on a protection order. However, informing the person of the firearm ban or collecting the firearm is an ambiguous process in some states (Fleury-Steiner, Miller, &z Carcirieri , 2017). . 23 Abuse and Violence 20XX

24. Thank you