ACCESSORY ORGANS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

THIS PRESENTATION INCLUDES DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT ACCESSORY ORGANS OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM..i,e TEETH, TONGUE, SALIVARY GLANDS, PANCREAS, LIVER AND GALL BLADDER

1. Accessory Organs Of Digestive System By: K.C.L. Venkat I/VI Pharm.D NIRMALA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

2. AN OVERVIEW OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

3. Functions of digestive system Break down of food into simple substances Indirectly affects ATP production Body functions/ cell growth etc.

4. Steps involved in digestion Step 1: Step 2: Accessory organs involved: Teeth and Salivary glands Step 3: Accessory organs involved : Pancreas Liver and Gall Bladder

5. What does these salivary glands do? Saliva is produced from salivary glands . Different types of salivary glands: Labial glands Palatal glands contributes a little in saliva produ ction Buccal glands Lingual glands Parotid glands Submandibular glands major salivary glands Sublingual glands secretes about 1000-1500 ml/day

6. Where does these salivary glands present?

7. Labial glands ------- present in lips Palatal glands ------- present in palate Buccal glands ------- present in cheeks Lingual glands ------ present in tongue Parotid glands ------ present anterior and inferior to ears Submandibular ------ present at mandible glands Sublingual ------- present below tongue glands

8. Functions Lubricates food material Breakdown of Starch Decreases acidity of foods Excretes waste material Anti-microbial activity Composition mucus and water salivary amylase phosphate and carbonate buffers urea and uric acid lysosomes and immunoglobulin's Note: saliva also helps in sensation of thirst

9. Tongue Accessory digestive organ made up of skeletal muscle and covered with mucous membrane. Tongue is divided into two lateral symmetrical halves by medial septum. Tongue consists of two types of muscles: Intrinsic muscles

10. Note: lingual frenulumn - a mucous membrane holds tongue to floor of mouth and limits the posterior movements of tongue and helps in speech. Upper (dorsal) surface has papillae that consists of taste buds. Lingual glands secretes Mucus and lingual lipase. digests about 30% of triglycerides

11. Medial septum Tongue

12. Teeth Teeth are accessory digestive organs located in sockets of alveolar processes of Mandible and Maxillae. The alveolar processes are covered by gums. The tooth has three major external regions: Crown – visible portion above gums Neck – constricted junction of crown and root Root – embedded portion in alveolar sockets

13. (95%calcium) (70%calcium ) Parts to be discussed : Enamel Dentin Periodontal membrane Cementum Gums Pulp cavity Apical foramen

14. Humans have two dentitions (sets of teeth): I C PM M 2 1 0 2 DENTITION FOR EACH HALF OF BOTH JAWS OF MILK TEETH I: 2 C : 1 PM: 2 M : 3 DENTITON FOR EACH HALF OF BOTH JAWS OF PERMENANT TEETH

15. PANCREAS The pancreas Is a retroperitoneal gland. It is about 12-15cm long and 2.5cm thick and lies posterior to greater curvature of the stomach. Pancreas consists of three parts : Head – expanded portion near curve of Duodenum Body – central part Tail – tapering part

16. Histology of Pancreas Islets of langherhans (1%)

17. Functions Digestion of starch Digestion of proteins Digestion of fats Digestion of nucleic acids composition Pancreatic amylase Chymotrypsin, Carboxypeptidase, Trypsin, Elastase Pancreatic lipase Ribonuclease, Deoxyribo nuclease

18. Fate of pancreatic juice Pancreatic juice is secreted by exocrine cells into small ducts that unite to form two large ducts i.e. pancreatic duct and accessory duct. The pancreatic duct joins common bile duct from liver and gall bladder and enters Duodenum as a common duct called Hepato-pancreatic duct. It is guarded by sphincter of Oddi (ampulla of vater). About 1200 – 1500 ml of pancreatic juice is secreted per day.

19. Hepato-pancreatic Duct And Ampulla Of Vater

20. LIVER AND GALL BLADDER The liver is the heaviest gland of the body, weighing about 1.4kg in an adult. Position: liver is inferior to diaphragm and occupies most of the Right hypochondriac and part of epigastric regions of abdominoopelvic cavity.

21. The gall bladder is pear shaped sac located in a depression of the posterior surface of the liver. Note: Liver is divided into two lobes i.e. a larger right lobe and smaller left lobe by Falciform ligament.

22. Histology of Liver Parts to be discussed: Hepatocytes Bile canaliculi Hepatic sinusoids Kuffer cells Portal triad

23. Functions of Liver and Gall Bladder Emulsification of fats Excretion of bilirubin Carbohydrate metabolism Protein metabolism Phagocytosis Activation of vitamin D Processing of drugs and hormones

24. Thank you…!