Accounting entries under gst

Evaluated Receipt Settlement

1. How to pass accounting entries under GST
Updated on Jun 09, 2017 - 08:41:39 PM
Goods and service tax or GST will be one tax to subsume all taxes. It will bring in “One
nation one tax” regime.
While there will be certain initial transition challenges, GST will bring in much clarity in
many areas of business. One of the areas is accounting and bookkeeping. Read on to
find out about accounting entries under GST.
Current scenario:
Separate accounts have to be maintained for excise, VAT, CST and service tax. Here’s
a list of the few accounts currently any business has to maintain (apart from accounts
like purchase, sales, stock) –
 Excise payable a/c (for manufacturers)
 CENVAT credit a/c (for manufacturers)
 Output VAT a/c
 Input VAT a/c
 Input Service tax a/c
 Output Service tax a/c
For example, a trader Mr. X must maintain the minimum basic accounts –
 Output VAT a/c
 Input VAT a/c
 CST A/c (for inter-state sales and purchases)
 Service tax a/c [He will not be able to claim any service tax input credit as he is a
trader with output VAT. Service tax cannot be setoff against VAT/ CST]
GST Regime
Under GST all these taxes (excise, VAT, service tax) will get subsumed into one
account.
The same trader X has to then maintain the following a/cs (apart from accounts like
purchase, sales, stock) –
 Input CGST a/c
 Output CGST a/c
 Input SGST a/c
 Output SGST a/c
 Input IGST a/c
 Output IGST a/c
 Electronic Cash Ledger (to be maintained on Government GST portal to pay
GST)

2. For a list of accounts to be maintained please read here.
While the number of accounts is more apparently, once you go through the accounting
you will find it is much easier for record keeping. One of the biggest advantages X will
have is that he can setoff his input tax on service with his output tax on sale.
Accounting entries under GST
How to pass accounting entries in GST
Let us consider a few basic business transactions (all amounts excluding GST)-
Example 1: Intra-state
1. Mr. X purchased goods Rs. 1,00,000 locally (intrastate)
2. He sold them for Rs. 1,50,000 in the same state
3. He paid legal consultation fees Rs. 5,000
4. He purchased furniture for his office for Rs. 12,000
Assuming CGST @8% and SGST@8%
The entries will be-
1 Purchase A/c ………………Dr. 1,00,000

Input CGST A/c ……………Dr. 8,000

Input SGST A/c ……… …Dr. 8,000

To Creditors A/c

1,16,000
2 Debtors A/c ………………Dr. 1,74,000

To Sales A/c

1,50,000
To Output CGST A/c

12,000
To Output SGST A/c

12,000
3 Legal fees A/c ………..……Dr. 5,000

Input CGST A/c ……………Dr. 400

3. Input SGST A/c ……………Dr. 400

To Bank A/c

5,800
4 Furniture A/c ………..……Dr. 12,000

Input CGST A/c ……………Dr. 960

Input SGST A/c ……………Dr. 960

To ABC Furniture Shop A/c

13,920
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Total Input CGST=8,000+400+960= Rs. 9,360
Total Input SGST=8,000+400+960= Rs. 9,360
Total output CGST=12,000
Total output SGST=12,000
Therefore Net CGST payable=12,000-9,360=2,640
Net SGST payable=12,000-9,360=2,640
5 Output CGST A/c ……………Dr. 12,000

Output SGST A/c ……………Dr. 12,000

To Input CGST A/c

9,360
To Input SGST A/c

9,360
To Electronic Cash Ledger A/c

5,280

Thus due to input tax credit, tax liability of Rs. 24,000 is reduced to only Rs.5,280. Also,
GST on legal fees is also adjusted which was not possible in current tax regime.
If there had been any input tax credit left it would have been carried forward to the next
year.

4. Example 2: Inter-state
1. Mr. X purchased goods Rs. 1,50,000 from outside the State
2. He sold Rs. 1,50,000 locally
3. He sold Rs.1,00,000 outside the state
4. He paid telephone bill Rs. 5,000
5. He purchased an air cooler for his office for Rs. 12,000 (locally)
Assuming CGST @8% and SGST@8%
1 Purchase A/c ………………Dr. 1,50,000

Input IGST A/c ……………Dr. 24,000

To Creditors A/c

1,74,000
2 Debtors A/c ………………Dr. 1,74,000

To Sales A/c

1,50,000
To Output CGST A/c

12,000
To Output SGST A/c

12,000
3 Debtors A/c ………………Dr. 1,16,000

To Sales A/c

1,00,000
To Output IGST A/c

16,000
4 Telephone Expenses A/c ..…Dr. 5,000

5. Input CGST A/c ………………..Dr. 400

Input SGST A/c …..……………Dr. 400

To Bank A/c

5,800
5 Office Equipment A/c.…..Dr. 12,000

Input CGST A/c ……………Dr. 960

Input SGST A/c ……………Dr. 960

To ABC Furniture Shop A/c

13,920
Total CGST input =400+960=1,360
Total CGST output =12,000
Total SGST input =400+960=1,360
Total SGST output =12,000
Total IGST input =24,000
Total IGST output =16,000
Particulars CGST SGST IGST
Output liability 12,000 12,000 16,000
Less: Input tax credit

CGST 1,360

SGST

1,360

IGST 8,000

16,000

6. Amount payable 2,640 10,640 NIL

Any IGST credit will first be applied to set off IGST and then CGST. Balance if any will
be applied to setoff SGST.
So out of total input IGST of Rs. 24,000, firstly it will be completely setoff against IGST.
Then balance Rs.8,000 against CGST.
From the total Rs.40,000, only Rs. 13,280 is payable.
So the setoff entries will be-

Setoff against CGST output

1 Output CGST ………………Dr. 9,360

To Input CGST A/c

1,360
To Input IGST A/c

8,000
2 Setoff against SGST output

Output SGST ………………Dr. 1,360

To Input SGST A/c

1,360
3 Setoff against IGST output

Output IGST ………………Dr. 16,000

To Input IGST A/c

16,000
4 Final payment

7. Output CGST A/c ……………Dr. 2,640

Output SGST A/c ……………Dr. 10,640

To Electronic Cash Ledger A/c

13,280

GST impact on financials
Profit & Loss Account
Particulars Rs. Particulars Rs.
Raw material consumption XXX [Decrease] Sales XXX***
Purchases XXX

Depreciation XXX

Other Expenses XXX

Reduction in raw material cost and other expenses
GST will mean seamless input credits for intrastate and interstate purchases of goods.
This will mean reduction in cost of raw materials as input GST can be setoff against the
output GST payable on sales. Also GST paid on many services like legal consultation,
audit fees, engineering consultation etc. can be setoff against output GST. Currently
input credit of service tax paid cannot be adjusted against output excise/VAT.

All this will effectively bring down the expenses.
***Impact on sales may vary depending on the industry and the GST rates.
Balance Sheet
Particulars Rs. Particulars Rs.

8. Capital XXX Fixed assets XXX [Decrease]
Current liabilities XXX Current assets XXX
Tax payable XXX Credit receivable XXX
Effective cost of fixed assets will come down as input credit will be available on both
capital goods and services related to such goods like installation, inspection etc.
Tax payable and credit receivable will face changes too. There will be only three
accounts under each of them- SGST, CGST, IGST instead of maintaining current excise
payable, CENVAT credit, VAT payable, VAT credit, Service tax accounts.
Accounting principles
GAAP is applicable mandatorily on GST. So, all principles following revenue recognition
etc. will be applicable.
Period of retention of accounts
Every registered taxable person must keep and maintain books of account for five years
from the due date of filing of Annual Return for the relevant year.

Transition to GST will need to address various aspects of financial reporting systems for
proper reporting.
It is important that businesses plan to address changes arising out GST implementation
in the best manner to reduce cost of transition and minimize business disruption.