Acoustic & Range Sensors - Industrial Robotics.pptx

Acoustic Sensors & Range Sensors - Industrial Robotics

1. Acoustic Sensor And Range Sensor Medandrao . Kavya Sree 20501A0355

2. Acoustic Sensors The term "acoustic" relates to sound or the sense of hearing.

3. DEFINITION : Acoustic sensors are devices that convert sound waves into electrical signals. They work by detecting the changes in pressure or velocity caused by sound waves. These changes are then converted into electrical signals using a variety of methods, such as electromagnetism, capacitance, or piezoelectricity.

4. PRINCIPLE : Acoustic sensors operate based on the principle of converting mechanical vibrations caused by sound waves into electrical signals. The core components typically include a diaphragm or membrane that vibrates in response to sound, and this motion is transformed into an electrical signal through various mechanisms, such as piezoelectric, electromagnetic, or capacitive transduction. “S everal methods for converting sound waves into electrical signals will be discussed in the following slides.”

5. FLOW CHART OF WORKING : T he working of an acoustic sensor is depicted in a flowchart, illustrating the key stages from sound wave input to the output of acoustic data. Start Sound Waves Detected Diaphragm Vibrates Mechanical Deformation Electrical Signal Generated Output Electrical Signal End

6. CLASSIFICATION : Dynamic Microphones : Commonly used in audio recording. Condenser Microphones : Known for their high sensitivity and accuracy. Piezoelectric Sensors : Utilize piezoelectric materials to generate an electrical charge. Ultrasound Sensors : Emit and receive ultrasonic waves for distance measurement. Microphone Arrays : Multiple microphones arranged in an array for directional sound capture. Hydrophones : Designed for underwater sound detection. Geophones : Detect and record ground vibrations using acoustic sensors. Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) sensors : Rely on surface acoustic waves to measure physical phenomena like pressure, temperature, and viscosity.

7. Advantages: High sensitivity and accuracy in sound detection. Versatile and applicable in various environments for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Some types are highly directional , enabling the isolation of specific sound sources. Disadvantages: Some equipment has a limited frequency response range . The equipment may need calibration and maintenance for optimal performance. Background noise can affect the accuracy of this equipment.

8. Applications in General Usage: Audio Recording: Music Production Telecommunications: Phone Calls Home Automation: Voice Commands Security Systems: Intrusion Detection Medical Devices: Stethoscopes

9. Applications in Robotics: Collision Detection: Robot Safety Distance Measurement: Obstacle Avoidance Leak Detection: Fluid Systems Quality Control: Defect Detection Sound Localization: Navigation Aid Self-driving cars Service robots Industrial robots Search and rescue robots Space exploration robots Medical robots Underwater robots Military robots Applications in Industrial Robotics:

10. Advancements in Acoustic Sensor Applications in Industrial Robotics: Collaborative Robots ( Cobots ) Condition Monitoring Sound-Based Object Detection Localization and Mapping Human-Robot Collaboration Sound-Based Quality Control Dynamic Object Tracking Noise Reduction Combining Multiple Sensor Inputs Improved Sensing Algorithms

11. RANGE SENSOR

12. DEFINITION : A range sensor is a device that measures the distance between itself and an object. Range sensors are used in a wide variety of applications, including robotics, self-driving cars, industrial automation, and consumer electronics. PRINCIPLE : Range sensors operate based on the time it takes for a signal (such as light, sound, or radio waves) to travel from the sensor to an object and back.

13. FLOW CHART OF WORKING : T he working of a range sensor is depicted in a flowchart, illustrating the key stages from sound wave input to the output of acoustic data. Start Emit a signal Measure the signal's interaction with an object Calculate the distance to the object Output the distance measurement End

14. There are several common principles used in range sensors : ToF sensors : LiDAR sensors, radar sensors, and ultrasonic sensors Phase shift sensors : Infrared range sensors Triangulation sensors : Laser range sensors

15. CLASSIFICATION : By type of signal emitted : Optical range sensors : Emit light, such as laser light or infrared light. Acoustic range sensors : Emit sound waves, such as ultrasonic waves. Radio range sensors : Emit radio waves, such as radar waves. By principle of operation : Time-of-flight ( ToF ) range sensors : Measure the time it takes for a signal to travel to and from an object. Phase shift range sensors : Measure the shift in the phase of a signal when it is reflected from an object. Triangulation range sensors : Measure the angle at which a signal is reflected from an object. By range : Short-range range sensors : Measure distances of up to a few meters. Medium-range range sensors : Measure distances of a few meters to a few hundred meters. Long-range range sensors : Measure distances of a few hundred meters to several kilo metres .

16. examples of different types of range sensors : Optical range sensors: Laser range sensors Infrared range sensors LiDAR sensors Acoustic range sensors: Ultrasonic range sensors Radio range sensors: Radar sensors

17. Advantages: Range sensors are highly precise and ideal for applications requiring accuracy. They offer non-contact measurement , preventing wear and tear . Range sensors provide real-time data for quick decision-making. They are versatile and adaptable to various industries and needs. Range sensors detect objects , aiding in collision avoidance . They enhance safety in applications like robotics and autonomous vehicles . Range sensors enable automation by responding to their environment.

18. Disadvantages: Some range sensors have limited measurement range . Range sensors can be sensitive to environmental conditions , affecting accuracy. High-precision range sensors can be costly . Calibration can be complex in multi-sensor setups. Regular maintenance may be needed, adding to operational costs . Data processing is often computationally intensive. Interference from similar signals may affect range sensor performance.

19. Range sensor applications in general usage: Everyday Tech Car Safety Phone Features Drone Navigation Gaming Magic

20. Applications in Industrial Robotics: Robot Safety Quality Control Object Detection Path Planning Collision Avoidance Precision Measurement Environmental Sensing Robotic Perception

21. Future trends in range sensor technology: New Materials AI Integration 3D Sensing Cost Reduction As range sensor technology continues to develop, the cost of range sensors is expected to decrease. This will make range sensors more accessible to a wider range of applications.

22. THANK you