ACTIVE MOVEMENTS.ppt

This ppt is all about active movements of human body
Indications and contraindications are mentioned for the same

1. ACTIVE MOVEMENT

2. Definition:
MovementperformedwithintheunrestrictedROMcontrolledby
thevoluntarycontractionofthemuscle.

3. Classification of Active
Movement
1-Activeassistedexercise:Inwhich
assistanceisprovidedbyanoutside
force,eithermanualormechanicalwhen
musclestrengthisinadequateto
completethemotion.
2-Activefreeexercise:Inwhichthe
voluntarycontractionofthemusclecan
performfullROMagainstgravity.
3-Activeresistedexercise:Inwhichthe
voluntarycontractionofthemuscleis
resistedbyanoutsideforce.

4. ACTIVE ASSISTED EXERCISE
The principles of assistance:
1-Whenthevoluntarycontractionofthemuscleisinsufficientto
producemovement,
2-Anexternalforcemaybeaddedtocompleterange.
3-Thisexternalforcemustbeappliedinthedirectionofthe
muscleaction.
4-Themagnitudeofthisassistingforcemustbesufficientonlyto
augmentthemuscularactionbutnotallowedtoactasa
substituteforit.
5-Asthemuscularpowerisincreasing,
theassistancegivenmustbedecreased
proportionally.

6. Technique of Assisted Exercise
Theassistingforceisappliedonlytoaugmentthemaximumeffort
andnottoactasasubstituteforce.
1-Startingposition:stabilityofthebodyisimportanttoensurethatthe
patient’sattentionisconcentratedonthepatternofthemovement
andtheeffortrequiredtoperformit.

7. Technique of Assisted Exercise
2-Patternofmovement:thiscanbe
explainedtothepatientby
performingitpassivelyoractivelyon
thesoundlimb.
3-Fixation:fixationoftheproximalpart
oftheprimemoversimprovestheir
efficiency.Avoidtrickmovementsto
occurbyproperfixation.

8. Technique of Assisted Exercise
4-Support:themovedpartshouldbesupportedtoreducetheloadon
themuscle.Manualsupportismoreeffectivesinceitcanbe
providedinanyplanesuitableforthemovementandadjustedin
eachsuccessivepartoftherange.
5-Traction:preliminarystretchingoftheweak
muscleprovidesapowerfulstimulusto
contractionbecauseitstimulatethemuscle
spindle(Myotaticreflex)whichhelpsinthe
initiationofmovement.

9. Technique of Assisted Exercise
6-Theantagonisticmuscle:aproperstarting
positionshouldbeselectedtoreducethe
tensionintheantagonisticmuscles,e.g.a
positioninwhichthekneeflexedissuitable
forassisteddorsiflexionofthefoot.
7-Theassistanceforce:theforceusedin
assistingtheactionofthemusclemustbe
appliedinthedirectionofthemovementby
thePThands.

10. Technique of Assisted Exercise
8-Thecharacterofthemovement:movementisperformedsmoothly
anditsefficiencydependsonthespeedofcontraction.
9-Repetitions:repetitionofthemovementdependsontheconditionof
the
10-Thecooperationofpatient:thisisessentialduringthistypeof
exercise.Thepatientshouldbeencouragedtoexertmaximum
effort.

11. Effects and uses of assisted exercise
1-Whenthepatienthasweakmusculature(poortofairminusmuscletestgrade).Active
assistedexercisesisusedtoprovideenoughassistancetostrengththeweakmuscle.
2-Maintainphysiologicelasticityandcontractilityofthemuscleswhichwillgainstrength
andhypertrophy.
3-providesensoryfeedbackfromthecontractingmuscletobeusedinearlystagesof
neuromuscularre-education.
)

12. 4-provide stimulus for bone integrity, so the range of effective joint
movement may be increased.
5-The repetitive assisted exercises on the correct pattern learn the
patient to control the movement by himself, so helping in training
co-ordination.
6-Confidence of the patient in his ability to move and helping to co-
operate.

13. Contra-indications of assisted
exercise
1-Acute tears and fracture.
2-Greater swelling ,fever and redness.
3-Immediatlly followed myocardial infarction.
4-If active assisted exercises induced pain during movement.

14. Active Free Exercise
Free exercises are those which are performed by the patient’s own
muscular efforts without the assistance or resistance of any external
force other than gravity. And classified into:
1-Localized: to strengthen muscle group.
2-General: to use many muscles all over the body.

15. Uses of Active Free Exercise
This type of exercise can be used to obtain the following:
1-Relaxation: can be induced by exercises which are rhythmical or
pendulum( swinging) in character.

16. Uses of Active Free Exercise
2-Jointmobility:thenormalrangeofjointmotionis
maintainedbyexercisesperformedinfullrange.
3-Musclepowerandtone:thepowerand
enduranceoftheworkingmusclesaremaintained
orincreasedinresponsetothetensiondeveloped
inthem.Tensionisgreaterwhentheexerciseis
performedataspeedslowerandlongdurationof
exercise

17. Uses of Active Free Exercise
4-co-ordination:isimprovedbythe
repetitionofexercise.Asthepatternof
movement isestablishedthe
conductionofimpulsesalongthe
neuromuscularpathways.
5-Confidence:theachievementsof
coordinatedandefficientmovement
assurethepatientofhisabilityto
maintainandcontrolofhis
movements,andnewactivities.
6-Circulatoryandrespiratorycooperation:during
prolongedexercise,thedepthofrespirationisincreased
leadingtotheproductionofheatandincreasing
circulation.

18. Technique of active free
exercise
The starting position is selected and taught with care
to ensure the maximum postural efficiency as a basis
for movement.
Instruction is given to gain interest and cooperation of
the patient.
The speed at which the exercise is done depends on
the effect required.
The duration of the exercise depends very largely on
the patient’s capacity without reaching fatigue.

19. Examples of Active Free
Exercises

20. Examples of Active Free
Exercises

21. Examples of Active Free
Exercises

22. Examples of Active Free
Exercises

23. Examples of Active Free
Exercises

24. Examples of Active Free
Exercises

25. Active Resisted Exercise

26. Definition:
Resistedexerciseisatechniquebasedonapplying
resistance(anoutsideforcewhichmaybemanualor
mechanical)tomuscleduringdynamicorstatic
contractiontoincreasethecontractileforce(strength)
andmusclesize(hypertrophy).Inisometricand
isotoniccontractiontheresistancemustbesufficient
toincreasetheintra-musculartension.

27. Severaloptionsareavailablefor
resistancetraining,including:
freeweights(likedumbbells,
pulleys,springs).
weightmachines.
Water
Bodyweightofpatient.
Thephysicaltherapist.

28. Factors Contribute Muscular
Efficiency
There are five factors which contribute to the development of
muscular efficiency:
1-Speed of contraction
2-coordination
3-Power
4-Endurance
5-volume.
The last three factors can be built up by use of resistive exercises.

29. Factors Contribute Muscular
Efficiency
Power:can be increased when you training muscle against
progressive resistance (increase overload).
Endurance:high repetition and low intensity resistive
exercise can develop endurance.
Volume:increasing the power and strength will lead to
increase the muscle volume.

30. Effect and uses of resisted exercise
1-Strengthening the muscles due to increase
tension through gradual overload of resistance of
a muscle or muscle group.
2-Increase muscle endurance through low intensity
repetitive exercise over a prolonged period of
time without fatigue.
3-Increase coordination.
4-Increase muscle cross section (hypertrophy).
5-Increase blood flow of the working muscle.
6-Increase the power.

31. Technique
When applying resistance, 4 basic rules should be
observed:
1-The resistance must be given smoothly from the
beginning to the end of range.
2-The direction of resistance force must be opposite to
the direction of the movement.
3-It should be diminish gradually from the beginning
to the end of movement.
4-don’t forget to give enough period of relaxation to
avoid fatigue.