ACTIVE TRANSPORT LESSON 2.pdf...........

the lesson is about cell transport

1. LESSON 2: ACTIVE
TRANSPORT

2. TABLE OF
CONTENTS
ACTIVE
TRANSPORT
TWO TYPES
OF ACTIVE
TRANSPORT
01 02

3. 0
1
ACTIVE
TRANSPORT

4. Active transport is a kind of cellular transport where
substances move against a concentration gradient. This
means that the direction is from an area of lower concentration
to an area of higher concentration. This process will require the
expenditure of energy, and the assistance of membrane
proteins, such as carrier proteins.

5. ACTIVE TRANSPORT IS DIVIDED INTO TWO TYPES
ACCORDING TO THE SOURCE OF THE ENERGY USED TO
CAUSED THE TRANSPORT:
1. PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
2. SECONDARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT

6. PRIMARY ACTIVE
TRANSPORT
Primary active transport, also called direct active
transport, directly uses chemical energy (such as
from adenosine triphosphate or ATP in case of cell
membrane) to transport all species of solutes
across a membrane against their concentration
gradient.

8. An example is an active transport involving the sodium
potassium pump. It is a transport system in a biological
membrane where the three Na+ ions are taken out while two
K+ ions are taken into the cell against their respective
concentration gradients.

10. SECONDARY ACTIVE
TRANSPORT
Secondary active transport is defined as the
transport of a solute in the direction of its increasing
electrochemical potential coupled to the facilitated
diffusion of a second solute (usually an ion) in the
direction of its decreasing electrochemical potentia

11. In secondary active transport, there is no direct ATP coupling.
Rather , there transport is powered by the energy from
electrochemical potential difference as the ions are pumped
into and out of the cell.

13. In secondary active transport, there is no direct ATP
coupling. Rather , there transport is powered by the
energy from electrochemical potential difference as the
ions are pumped into and out of the cell. Secondary
transport is also called coupled transport of two
substances across a biological membrane. It may be a
synportor antiportdepending on the direction of
movement of two substances. If both move in the same
direction it is a synporttype of coupled transport.
Conversely, if their movements are in opposite directions
it is called antiport.

15. BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE

16. .
Bulk transport isa mode of transport of large
quantities of materials and food particles across the
membrane. It occurs both inward and outward. It is
achieved with the help of carrier molecules

18. .
The term “endocytosis” was coined by Christian deDuve
in 1963 to include both the ingestion of large particles
(such as bacteria) and the uptake of fluids or
macromolecules in small vesicles. The former of these
activities is known as phagocytosis (cell eating) and the
latter as pinocytosis (cell drinking). Pinocytosis is a
process wherein cells engulf liquid particles, such as fat
droplets in the small intestine. Phagocytosis is a process
for cells to absorb solid particles.

19. .