acute glomerulo nephritis

acute glomerulo nephritis detail explanation for nursing students.

1. ACUTE GLOMERULO NEPHRITIS

2. OBJECTIVES At the end of this seminar, students will be able to understand about Acute Glomerulo Nephritis. Explain the structure and function of nephron . Define acute glomerulo nephritis. Describe the incidence of acute glomerulo nephritis. List the etiological factors of acute glomerulo nephritis. Explain the pathophysiology of acute glomerulo nephritis.

3. Enumerate the clinical manifestations. Explain the diagnostic evaluations and managament of acute glomerulo nephritis. Enlist the complications of AGN. List out the preventive measures of acute glomerulo nephritis.

4. CONTENT Anatomy and physiology Introduction Definition Incidence Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical manifestations Diagnostic evaluations

5. Management Complications Prevention Research findings Summary Conclusion

6. ANATOMY OF NEPHRON

7. PHYSIOLOGY OF NEPHRON

8. Introduction Acute glomerulo nephritis is a common disease in children and it is one of the disease that are presented commonly with hematuria . Acute glomerulo nephritis can result in long-term damage or may resolve, depending upon the cause and severity. 

9. Definition The antigen-antibody complex deposition within the glomeruli results in glomerular injury which is manifestated as hematuria , oliguria , edema and hypertension. Acute glomerulo nephritis is an immune mediated inflammatory disease of the capillary loops in the renal glomeruli .

10. Incidence More common in males than in females. Most common in preschooler and in early school age children with an age of 6-7 years. Rare in children under 2 years of age. An average responsible for 2-4% of pediatric admissions in india . Accounts for above 90% of renal disease In childhood. Various with the prevalence of nephritogenic strains of streptococci and the likelihood of cross-infection.

11. Etiology Antigen-antibody reaction. upper respiratory infection or a skin infection nephritogenic strains of group-A beta-hemolytic streptococcus, acute post-streptococcal glomerulo nephritis. Fungal, bacterial, rickettsia , and parasite infectious organisms.

12. Cont…. pneumococcal, viral infections, acute post streptococcal glomerulo nephritis(APSGN) Streptococcal pharyngitis

13. Pathophysiology

14. Clinical manifestations oliguria Hematuria , proteinuria Hypertension Fluid overload Periorbital edema Fever G.I. disturbances Nocturia Cerebral symptoms

15. Diagnostic Evaluation urinalysis Serological tests Kidney biopsy Blood tests Throat swab culture

16. Management MEDICAL MANAGEMENT: Antihypertensives : Vasodilators ( eg : hydralazine ) Calcium channel blockers ( eg : amlodipine ) ACE inhibitors ( eg : enalapril ) Immuno-suppresants : ( eg : cyclophosphamide ) Diuretics: Loop diuretics ( eg : Furosemide  ) Antibiotics: ( eg : penicillin)

17. Therapeutic management MONITORING : Monitor closely for the presence of hematuria , oliguria , edema and hypertension . Record the general condition. Monitor KFT. BED REST: Indicated during complications of acute renal failure.

18. POSITION: Proper positioning. DIET: Restriction of protein, salt and fluid intake. CHO diet can be provided. Daily weight recording is important. Fluid balance: A record of daily weight is important. Sodium and water is restricted.

19. NURSING MANAGEMENT NURSING ASSESSMENT: Physical examination. Assess weight Monitor intake and output. Assess vital signs. Assess breath sounds.

20. NURSING DIAGNOSIS: Ineffective breathing pattern Altered urine elimination Excess fluid volume Risk for infection Imbalanced nutrition Risk for impaired skin integrity hyperthermia

21. complications Acute/chronic renal failure Hyperkalemia

22. Nephrotic syndrome Hypertension

23. Congestive heart failure Pulmonary edema

24. Chronic glomerulonephritis

25. Research findings Acute glomerulonephritis mimicking nephrotic syndrome. - MB Abdulkadir (2016). 2. Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of acute glomerulonephritis in a teaching hospital in North India. - kapil Bhalla (2019 march).

26. 3. The Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Outcome of Infection-related Glomerulonephritis from East India: A Single Center Experience - M. Trivedi (2017 july-aug )

27. Summary We have discussed about : Anatomy &physiology, Definition, Incidence, Etiology, Pathophysiology , clinical manifestations, diagnostic evaluations, management, complications,

28. conclusion The glomerulus is the part of nephron responsible for filtration. Inflammation in glomeruli is known as glomerulonephritis . Symptoms include protein and blood in urine, edema, electrolyte imbalance, lethargy, and frothy urine. Causes of glomerulonephritis include infection, autoimmune disease, and exposure to certain medications and toxins. Diagnosis is done through urine tests, blood tests, imaging techniques, and kidney biopsy. Treatment is aimed at managing the underlying cause and preventing the progression of the disease.

29. Bibliography A text book of medical surgical nursing, author " brunner and suddarth's , 12 th edition, wolter publication, page no:1316-1317. https://nurseslabs.com/acute-glomerulonephritis/ https://www.slideshare.net/yogeshdeyogeshdengale/acute-glomerulonephritis-agn .

30. Assignment Write nursing care plan of patient with Acute Glomerulonephritis .