Acute Poisoning and it's management.pptx

Acute poisoning
First aid
Treatment
Management
Antidotes

1. ACUTE POISONING AND ITS TREATMENT UNIT-10  DRUG METABOLISM PRIYANSHA SINGH B. Pharm, M.S. (Pharm.)- Pharmacology & Toxicology

2. Clinical signs of poisoning by drugs & abused drugs

3. GENERAL MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE POISONING

4. - IV Sodium bicarbonate- used to alkalize the urine to ↑ elimination of acidic compounds like salicylate, phenobarbitone - Administration of Ammonium chloride, ascorbic acid will acidify the urine to ↑ elimination of alkaline compounds like amphetamine, quinine, phencyclidine etc.

5. Peritoneal dialysis- Instilling a proper fluid into peritoneal cavity & poison in blood enters fluid by downward conc. gradient

6. E. Enhanced biotransformation & excretion of poison Enzyme induction for enhancing biotransformation of poison is a slow process- not very important By modulating the rate of biotransformation or enhancing the elimination of poison we can decrease the toxic effects. Many chemical yield toxic metabolites hence inhibition of biotransformation should ↓ toxicity. E.g. - in case of methanol poisoning, ethanol are given, to ↓ biotransformation n of methanol into formic acid. Microsomal enzyme induction enhances the biliary excretion of poison- slow process- useful for the poisons having ↑ t1/2 (long acting)- this metabolism increases the polarity of metabolites therefore increasing its biliary solubility.

7. Urinary excretion- diuretics can be used to enhance this process by inhibiting the reabsorption, of drug/poison or by ↓ the conc. Gradient between lumen & tubular cell & ↑ the flow out through tubule.

8. ANTIDOTES FOR THE POISON AND THEIR MECHANISM OF ACTION

9. ANTIDOTES FOR THE POISON AND THEIR MECHANISM OF ACTION