Adhd disorder

ADHD
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Mental Health Nursing
Psychiatric Nursing

1. ADHD (Attention D eficit H yperactivity D isorder) Dr. Rahul Sharma Associate Professor H.O.D. of Mental Health Nursing Ph. D Coordinator Seedling School of Nursing, Jaipur National University, Jaipur

2. Introduction It is the most common disorder of childhood is characterized by deficit in attention, concentration & impulse control.

3. Definition Excessive psychomotor activity that may be purposeful or aimless. Accompanied by physical movement & verbal utterances that are usually more rapid than normal. Inattention and distractibility are common with hyperactive behaviour.

4. Cause : [1] GENETIC : it is believed that ADHD result from the combined effect of several genes [2] BIO CHEMICAL : it is believed that certain neurotransmitter particularly dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin are producing will impaired attention regulation.

5. [3] Anatomical influence : Recent studies have implicated alteration in specific areas of the brain in individual with ADHD These region include the prefrontal lobes, parietal and temporal.

6. [4] prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factor : Prenatal studies have linked maternal smoking during pregnancy exposure to toxic substance including, alcohol can produce effect on behaviour. Perinatal influences that may contribute to ADHD are prematurity or low birth weight and low APGAR score. Postnatal factor that have been implicated include cerebral palsy, seizures& other CNS abnormalities resulting from trauma, infection & other neurological disorder.

7. [5] diet factors : The possible link between good dyes and additives such as artificial flavorous and preservatives. To give fruit drink of some children and some children should be given place to drinks, compared that whose given fruit drinks children are more active/ hyperactive

8. [6] Psychosocial influences Disorganized Environment in family. A higher degree of psychosocial stress, maternal mental disorder low socioeconomic status , living in poverty.

9. Clinical Manifestation [1] In attention 👉 make careless mistake in school work 👉 difficulty in play activities 👉 not listen when spoken to directly 👉does not follow instruction 👉 forget in daily activities

10. Clinical manifestation [2] Hyperactivity 👉 run or climb excessively, in which is inappropriate. 👉 feeling of restlessness 👉 difficulty in playing 👉 talk excessively 👉 give answer before question have been completed. 👉 impaired in social academic or occupational functioning.

11. D/E Collect history from parents, teachers and other children. Physical examination Identify the causative factor.

12. Management Dexadrine 2.5 mg/day Retalin 5-10 mg/day Atomoxetine , bupropion ( use sucidal tendency) Anti psychotic – haloperidol, thorazine .