Advantages and disadvantages of cloning.sidhu

This presentation only discuss the brief note about Adantages and Disadvantages of cloning

1. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CLONING

2. Cloning is defined as the process of producing similar population of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects, or plants reproduce asexually. Cloning in biotechnology however refers to the processes used to create copies of DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cells or organisms.

3. ADVANTAGES OF CLONING Using the DNA from the cell of an adult with the desired traits an infants with the same potential may be produced. A hetero sexual couple in which the husband is completely sterile could use adult DNA cloning to have a child. This technique might be more satisfactory for them than to use sperm of another man.

4. 3) A child can be elected by two homosexual females by adult DNA cloning rather than by artificial insemination. By this technique homosexual couples can have technically their own children. 4)It might make up to understand in a greater way of the causes of miscarriages. This might lead to a treatment of prevent spontaneous abortions. This would be of immense help for women who cannot bring a foetus to term

5. 5)It might lead to an understanding of the mechanisms by which implantation of a morula (a mass of cells that has developed from a blastula)to the wall of the uterus occurs. This might generate new effective contraceptive that exhibit very few side effects.

6. 6)The rapid growth of human morula similar to the rate at which the cancer cell propagate. It is believed that if a method is found to stop the division of human ovum then a technique for terminating growth of a cancer might be found.

7. 7)Parents who are known to be at risk of passing a genetic defect to a child could make use of cloning. A fertilized ovum could be cloned and the duplicated tested for the disease or disorder. If the clone was free of genetic defects then the other clone would be as well. The latter could be implanted in the women and allowed to mature to term.

8. 8)In conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) attempts are started with many ova, fertilize each with sperm and implant all of them in the women’s womb in the hope that one will result in pregnancy. But some women can only supply a single egg ;her chance of becoming pregnant are slim. Through the use of embryo cloning that might be divisible into say 8 zygotes for implanting the chance of those women becoming pregnant would be much greater

9. 9)Cloning could produce a reservoir of spare parts fertilized ova could be cloned into multiple zygotes; one could be implanted in the women and allowed to develop into a normal baby. The other zygote could be frozen for future use In the event that the child required a bone marrow transplant. one of the zygote could be taken out of storage implanted. Allowed to mature to a baby and then contribute some of its spare bone marrow its (earlier) identical twin bone marrow can be harvested from a person without injuring them

10. 10)A women could prefer to have onset of identical twins. rather than go through two separate pregnancies. she might prefer this for a number of reasons. 11)It is being tried to create transgenic pigs which have human genes. their heart /liver/kidneys might be useable as organs transplants in humans 12)Cloning can lead to better understanding of genetics .

11. 13)Transgenic cattle have been produced which produce human hormones/proteins and secrete it along with the milk. 14)Zygote of particular gender could be eliminated by the genetic screening test,

12. 15)A program similar to that of NAZI germany where by humans were breed to maximize certain traits may be financed by a country once the perfect human is developed, embryo cloning should be used to replicate that individual similar approach can be used to generate a genetic under class for exploitation.

13. 16)There is always a possibility of killing /injuring the embryos which is protested by prolifers . The mechanism by which twins naturally develop is used for this purpose. It is known that in 10 out of 75 conception The fertilized ovum splits for some unknown reasons and produces monozygotic (identical)twins. This same operation is intentionally done in a laboratory for cloning.

14. DISADVANTAGES OF EMBRYO CLONING One of many concern with human cloning is that cloning of animals sometimes cause fetal over growth. The foetus grows unusually large band generally dies. They have under developed lungs and reduced immunity to infection There are certain other factors that can also contribute to abnormal development of clones

15. There is not surety that first cloned humans would be normal. they may be born disabled or disorders may set later in life. Cells seems to have an inbuilt defined life span. the clones are there for, bound to have reduced life expectancy. No semen was required in the creation of dolly. this exclude the genetic need of a males in future,

16. 4.Genetic diversity may be depleted by large scale cloning. 5.Cloning may have long term extensive impact on relationship.

17. Due to these reasons, in most of the countries cloning of humans is banned. But it is largely believed that some scientists are secretly working on it. It is because of these Dr Steven Muller headed panel in the US to produce preliminary cloning guidelines.

18. They suggested that studies be limited to the spare embryos produced during IVF ( I n V itro F ertilization ) They also recommended to terminate the studies within 14 days of conception. Some may continue till 18 th day, but no further They recommended to ban implanting human embryos in other species ,cloned embryo to another human being and the use of embryos for sex selection.

19. Thankyou ….