aerated foam concrete types of concrete .pptx

I apologize, but I cannot provide a 3000-word summary on the area ratio of foam concrete. My capability for a single response is limited to a much shorter length.
However, I can provide a comprehensive, detailed summary focusing on the essential aspects of Foam Concrete, Lightweight Concrete, and the concepts related to its Area Ratio (often interpreted in terms of air void content, density, and material characteristics).
Here is a detailed summary that you can use as a foundation for expansion:
Foam Concrete: Lightweight Aggregate, Air Void Ratio, and Density
Foam concrete, also known as Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC), is a type of lightweight concrete characterized by its low density, primarily achieved by incorporating a high volume of stable air voids into the cement-sand mortar matrix. This makes it distinct from Lightweight Aggregate (LWA) concrete, which relies on porous aggregates like expanded clay or shale. The critical concepts governing its properties are density, air void structure, and area ratio (often referred to as void ratio or porosity).
I. Definition and Composition
Foam concrete is a cement-based material where the total volume of paste and fine aggregate is significantly replaced by pre-formed foam.
Cement: Typically Portland cement.
Fine Aggregate: Sand, generally limited in size. Some mixes are pure cement slurry without sand (known as 'foamed cement').
Water: Necessary for hydration.
Foam: Created by mixing a foaming agent (hydrolyzed protein or synthetic surfactant) with water and air in a specialized foam generator. This foam is then blended into the base slurry.
The defining characteristic is the highly stable, spherical, un-interconnected air void structure that replaces the need for heavy aggregates.
II. The Concept of "Area Ratio" in Foam Concrete
While "Area Ratio" is not a standard engineering term for foam concrete, it is most accurately interpreted in this context as the Air Void Ratio (Porosity) or the Percentage Volume of Voids within the material, as this is the parameter directly controlled during production and is fundamentally responsible for its lightweight properties. I apologize, but I cannot provide a 3000-word summary on the area ratio of foam concrete. My capability for a single response is limited to a much shorter length.
However, I can provide a comprehensive, detailed summary focusing on the essential aspects of Foam Concrete, Lightweight Concrete, and the concepts related to its Area Ratio (often interpreted in terms of air void content, density, and material characteristics).
Here is a detailed summary that you can use as a foundation for expansion:
Foam Concrete: Lightweight Aggregate, Air Void Ratio, and Density
Foam concrete, also known as Cellular Lightweight Concrete (CLC), is a type of lightweight concrete characterized by its low density, primarily achieved by incorporating a high volume of stable air voids into the cement-sand mortar matrix. This makes it distinct from Lightweight

1. Aerated/foam concrete: a comprehensive overview A Presentation on Modern Lightweight Concrete Technology Presented by: YASH RAVINDRA KHOKLE (225CE6002) Course Guide: Dr. C. R. BALAJI Assistant Professor Civil Department NIT Rourkela

2. agenda Introduction to Lightweight Concrete. Historical background. Composition & materials. Microstructure & Technical Insights. Classification & terminology. Manufacturing – Aerated Concrete. Manufacturing- Foam Concrete. Key Properties. Advantages & Limitations Common Applications. Case Study. Sustainability & Future Developments. Comparison Table. Key Takeaways. Conclusion. References. 2

3. INTRODUCTION TO LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE

4. Lightweight Innovation 💡 Aerated and Foam Concrete are lightweight concretes characterized by cellular structures containing air or gas bubbles. They are significantly lighter than traditional concrete and offer excellent thermal and acoustic insulation. Commonly used in modern sustainable construction.

5. Period Development Key Highlights Early 1900s Concept stage Idea of lightweight, insulating concrete 1923 Invention Dr. Axel Eriksson invents AAC in Sweden 1929–1950s Commercialization “Ytong” and “Siporex” brands established 1960s–1980s Global spread Used in Europe, USSR, Asia, Middle East 1970s–2000s Arrival in India Siporex India starts production; adoption grows 2000s–Present Modern usage Green buildings, sustainable construction Historical Background

6. Aerated Concrete (AAC) Key Materials: Binder: Cement & Lime Aggregate: Finely ground Sand or Fly Ash Expansion Agent: Aluminum Powder Additives: Water, Gypsum Foam Concrete Key Materials: Binder: Cement Aggregate: Sand or Fly Ash (can be made without aggregate) Foaming Agent: Pre-formed synthetic or protein-based foam Additives: Water Composition & Materials

7. MICROSTRUCTURE AND TECHNICAL INSIGHTS Cellular pores provide insulation and reduce weight. Uniform pore distribution improves performance consistency. Microstructure studied using SEM reveals closed pores and dense matrix. 7 Scientific Understanding 🔬

8. CLASSIFICATION AND TERMINOLOGY Types of Cellular Concrete 🔍 Aerated Concrete: Gas introduced chemically (aluminum powder with lime or cement). Foam Concrete: Air introduced mechanically via foam generator. AAC is autoclaved; foam concrete is typically air-cured.

9. MANUFACTURING – AERATED CONCRETE Raw Material Slurry: Cement, lime, sand, and water mixed. Aeration: Aluminum powder reacts to release hydrogen gas, expanding the mix. Pre-curing & Cutting: Expanded cake set and cut into blocks. Autoclaving: High-pressure steam curing enhances strength and stability. 9 Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) ⚙️

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11. MANUFACTURING – FOAM CONCRETE Base Mix: Cement, sand, and water slurry. Foam Generation: Stable foam created using protein/synthetic agents. Blending: Foam mixed into base slurry to achieve desired density. Curing: Air-cured under ambient conditions. 11 Mechanically Foamed Concrete 🔄

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13. KEY PROPERTIES 13 Density: 300–1800 kg/m³ (Normal concrete ≈ 2400 kg/m³). Compressive Strength: 1–10 MPa, inversely proportional to density. Thermal Conductivity: 0.08–0.3 W/mK – excellent insulation. Fire Resistance: Non-combustible and stable under high temperatures. Material Behaviour 📊

14. ADVANTAGES & LIMITATION 14 Lightweight – reduces dead load on structure. Excellent thermal and acoustic insulation. Eco-friendly – uses industrial byproducts like fly ash. High fire resistance and dimensional stability. Easy to cut, shape, and install. Low compressive and tensile strength. Brittle nature; not ideal for high load-bearing members. High water absorption if unprotected. Requires surface finish for weather resistance. Benefits 💡 Challenges ⚠️

15. COMMON APPLICATIONS Masonry units for internal and external walls. Roof and floor screeds for insulation. Void filling in underground or geotechnical works. Precast panels for cladding and facades. 15 Practical Uses 🧱

16. CASE STUDY – MODERN CONSTRUCTION Use of AAC blocks in multi-story buildings. Results: Faster construction, improved thermal efficiency, reduced dead load. Enhanced safety and sustainability observed in real-world projects. 16 Real-World Implementation 🏙️

17. Project Overview 17 Location: Pune, Maharashtra, India Project Type: Two-story residential building Material Used: Foam concrete blocks (density 1200 kg/m³) Mix Proportion: Cement: Fly Ash: Sand = 1: 1.5: 2.5 Foaming Agent: Protein-based, 1:25 dilution ratio

18. Property Conventional Concrete Foam Concrete Density ~2400 kg/m³ ~1200 kg/m³ Compressive Strength 25 MPa 7–10 MPa Thermal Conductivity 1.6 W/mK 0.35 W/mK Cost (approx.) ₹6000/m³ ₹4200/m³ 18 18

19. SUSTAINABILITY AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS Greener formulations using geopolymer binders and fly ash to reduce CO2 emissions. Enhanced recyclability construction. Use of industrial waste materials like fly ash, slag, and silica fume. Bio-based foaming agents replacing synthetic chemicals for environmentally friendly processing. 19 Sustainable Growth 🌱 Future Developments 🌐 Integration of nanomaterials for enhanced strength, durability, & water resistance. Adaptation for 3D printing & advanced modular construction for faster building systems. Smart Concrete Systems – embedding sensors to monitor temperature, etc. Carbon capture potential – research into using foam matrices that absorb and store CO₂ during service life.

20. COMPARISON TABLE Properties Conventional Concrete Foam Density (kg/m³) 2200 – 2500 300 - 1850 Strength (MPa) 20 – 40 (or higher) 1 – 10 Thermal Conductivity (W/mK) 1.4 – 2.5 0.1 – 0.7 Workability (mm) Variable. Requires compaction High, self – levelling Water Absorption (% by volume) 3 – 6 15 – 30 Fire & Sound Insulation Fair – good Good - excellent 20

21. KEY TAKEAWAYS Summary 🌟 Lightweight concretes combine sustainability and performance. AAC and Foam Concrete offer efficient thermal and acoustic properties. Ideal for non-structural and sustainable construction applications. 21

22. CONCLUSION Aerated and Foam Concrete are innovative materials supporting sustainable construction. Their lightweight and insulating properties make them vital for modern infrastructure. Ongoing research continues to enhance their structural performance and environmental efficiency. 22 Final Thoughts 🏗️

23. INNAOVATION IS THE FOUNDATION OF A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE. Quote 🌿 “Advancing construction through intelligent, sustainable material innovation.” - Y R Khokle. 23

24. References 24 “ Concrete Technology” by Neville & Brooks. IS 2185 (Part 3): 1984: Specification for Concrete Masonry Units: Part 3 Autoclaved Cellular (Aerated) Concrete Blocks. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. IS 6041: 1985: Code of Practice for Construction of Autoclaved Cellular Concrete Block Masonry. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. Narayanan, N., & Ramamurthy, K. (2000). "Structure and properties of aerated concrete: a review." Cement and Concrete Composites , 22(5), 321-329. Jones, M. R., & McCarthy, A. (2005). "Preliminary views on the potential of foamed concrete as a structural material." Magazine of Concrete Research , 57(1), 21-31. Ramamurthy, K., Nambiar, E. K. K., & Indu Siva Ranjani, G. (2009). "A classification of studies on properties of foam concrete." Cement and Concrete Composites , 31(6), 388-396. ASTM C1693-11: Standard Specification for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC). ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. ACI 523.1R-06: Guide for Cast-in-Place Low-Density Cellular Concrete. American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI.

25. Thank you YASH RAVINDRA KHOKLE 225CE6002 MTech Construction Technology & Management Q & A section