affirmahjghjvhtive-Negative-Agreement.pptx

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1. AFFIRMATIVE & NEGATIVE Lia Eka Prianti , M.T . POLITEKNIK NEGERI BANYUWANGI 2013

2. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCE Affirmative adalah kalimat yang menyatakan sesuatu, berisi deklarasi / pernyataan yang bersifat positif maupun mengungkapkan fakta.

3. When a form of the verb be is used in the main clause, the same tense of the verb be is used in the simple statement that follows. affirmative statement ( be ) + and + subject + verb ( be ) + too OR affirmative statement ( be ) + and + so + verb ( be ) + subject EXAMPLE : I am happy, and you are too . I am happy, and so are you .

4. When a compound verb (auxiliary + verb), for example, will go , should do, has done, have written, must examine, etc., occurs in the main clause, the auxiliary of the main verb is used in the simple statement, and the subject and verb must agree. affirmative statement (compound verb) + and + subject + auxiliary only + too OR affirmative statement (compound verb) + so + auxiliary only + subject EXAMPLE : They will work in the lab tomorrow, and you will too . They will work in the lab tomorrow, and so will you .

5. When any verb except be appears without any auxiliaries in the main clause, the auxiliary do, does, or did is used in the simple statement. The subject and verb must agree and the tense must be the same. affirmative statement (single verb except be ) + and + subject + do, does, or did + too OR affirmative statement (single verb except be ) + and + so + do, does, or did + subject EXAMPLE : Jane goes to that school, and my sister does too . Jane goes to that school, and so does my sister .

6. ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES John went to the market, and we did too . John went to the market, and so did we . I will be in New York in January, and they will too . I will be in New York in January, and so will they . He has seen her plays, and the girls have too . He has seen her plays, and so have the girls . We are going to the movies tonight, and Suzy is too . We are going to the movies tonight, and so is Suzy . Bobo was a famous painter, and Ruben was too . Bobo was a famous painter, and so was Ruben .

7. EXERCISE 1 Rose likes to fly, and her brother _____ too. They will leave at noon, and I _____ too. He has an early appointment, and so _____ I. She has already written her letter, and so _____ her friends. Their plane is arriving at 9 o’clock, and so _____ mine. I should go to the store this afternoon, and so _____ you. We like to swim in the pool, and they _____ too. Our English teacher loves to travel, and so _____ we. He has lived in Mexico for five years, and you _____ too. I must write them a letter, and she _____ too.

8. NEGATIVE AGREEMENT Either and neither function in simple statements much like so and too in affirmative sentences. However, either and neither are used to indicate negative agreement. The same rules for auxiliaries, be and do, does, or did apply.

9. negative statement + and + subject + negative auxiliary or be + either OR negative statement + and + neither + positive auxiliary or be + subject EXAMPLE : I didn’t see Mary this morning. John didn’t see Mary this morning. I didn’t see Mary this morning, and John didn’t either . I didn’t see Mary this morning, and neither did John . John hasn’t seen this movie yet. I haven’t seen this movie yet. John hasn’t seen this movie yet, and I haven’t either . John hasn’t seen this movie yet, and neither have I.

10. EXERCISE 2 (GROUP HOMEWORK) The children shouldn’t take that toys, and _____ should she. We don’t plan to attend the concert, and _____ do they. I don’t like mango, and he doesn’t _____. She didn’t see anyone she knew, and _____ did Tom. The Yankees couldn’t play due to the bad weather, and _____ could The Angels. We can’t study in the library, and they _____ either. I haven’t worked here before, and neither _____ you. You didn’t pay the rent, and he _____ either. Jack shouldn’t run so fast, and neither _____ you. He didn’t know the answer, and neither _____ I.

11. NEGATION To make a sentence negative, add the negative particle not after the auxiliary or verb be . If there is no auxiliary or be , add the appropriate form of do, does, or did and place the word not after that. John is rich. John is not rich. Sandra is going to Hawaii. Sandra is not going to Hawaii. Mark has seen Bill. Mark has not seen Bill. Mary can leave now. Mary can not leave now.

12. NEGATION The following examples contain no auxiliary, and thus use do, does, or did. Marvin likes spinach. Marvin does not like spinach. Isaac went to class. Isaac did not go to class. They want to leave now. They do not want to leave now.

13. NEGATION Hardly, barely, rarely, seldom, etc. Remember that in an English sentence it is usually incorrect to have two negatives together. This is called a double negative and is not acceptable in standard English. The following words have a negative meaning, and thus must be used with a positive verb.

14. hardly almost nothing rarely barely mean or seldom mean almost never scarcely almost not at all hardly ever EXAMPLES John rarely comes to class on time. (John usually doesn’t come to class on time) Jerry hardly studied last night. (Jerry studied very little last night). She scarcely remembers the accident. (She almost doesn’t remember the accident). We seldom see photos of these animals. (We almost never see photos of these animals). Jane barely arrived on time. (Jane almost didn’t arrive on time). I hardly ever go to sleep before midnight. (I usually don’t go to sleep before midnight).

15. COMMANDS A command is an imperative statement. One person orders another to do something. It can be preceded by please . The understood subject is you. Use the simple form of the verb. Close the door. Leave the room. Please turn off the light. Open your book. Open the window. Be quiet.

16. NEGATIVE COMMANDS A negative command is formed by adding the word don’t before the verb. Don’t close the door. Please don’t turn off the light. Don’t open the window.

17. INDIRECT COMMANDS Usually the verbs order , ask, tell, or say are used to indicate an indirect command. They are followed by the infinitive [to + verb]. John told Mary to close the door. Jack asked Jill to turn off the light. The teacher told Chris to open the window. Please tell Jim to leave the room. Jojo ordered Bill to open the book. The policeman ordered the suspect to be quiet.

18. NEGATIVE INDIRECT COMMANDS To make an indirect command negative, add the particle not before the infinitive. John told Mary not to close the door. Jack asked Jill not to turn off the light. The teacher told Chris not to open the window. Please tell Jim not to leave the room. Jojo ordered Bill not to open the book.

19. Thank You Ganbatte for Mid Test <(^o^)9