African Kingdoms

1. Kingdoms of AfricaKingdoms of Africa

2. Early trade with
Phoenicians,
Greeks, Romans,
Arabs, Chinese,
and Indians
trading
communities set
up by Arab and
Asian immigrants
on east coast
EAST EAST
AFRICAN AFRICAN
KINGDOMSKINGDOMS
Thriving trade
Rise of slave
trade
Introduction of
crops and
animals from
Middle East &
Asia
Rich mix of
cultures
Development of
Swahili language

3. The Indian Ocean linked East Africa to India and The Indian Ocean linked East Africa to India and
other Asian lands.other Asian lands.
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4. East African City-StatesEast African City-States
Around 600, Arab Around 600, Arab
merchants merchants
established trading established trading
cities along the coast cities along the coast
of East Africa.of East Africa.
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5. Trade led to cultural Trade led to cultural
diffusion in East diffusion in East
Africa.Africa.
This led to a new This led to a new
language, Swahili, in language, Swahili, in
which Arabic words which Arabic words
were mixed with were mixed with
Bantu, an African Bantu, an African
language.language.
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6. 1. Nubia1. Nubia (1000 B.C. – 150 A.D.) (1000 B.C. – 150 A.D.)
•built a wide trade built a wide trade
networknetwork
•exported ivory, exported ivory,
animal skins, animal skins,
gold, perfume, gold, perfume,
slavesslaves
•developed an developed an
alphabet instead alphabet instead
of hieroglyphicsof hieroglyphics

7. 2. Axum2. Axum (350 CE -600 CE) (350 CE -600 CE)
Linked Africa, India, Linked Africa, India,
and the Mediterranean and the Mediterranean
tradetrade
Christianity spread Christianity spread
through trade through trade
Ancestors to present-Ancestors to present-
day Ethiopiansday Ethiopians

8. II. Kingdoms of II. Kingdoms of WestWest Africa Africa
oPeople needed salt to survive in People needed salt to survive in
Africa’s hot climate. There was plenty Africa’s hot climate. There was plenty
of salt in the Sahara, but there was of salt in the Sahara, but there was
little in the savanna. So people trade little in the savanna. So people trade
salt for gold.salt for gold.
oStrong West African rulers created Strong West African rulers created
powerful kingdoms by gaining control powerful kingdoms by gaining control
over the trade routes for over the trade routes for salt and salt and
gold.gold.

9. 1. Ghana 1. Ghana (800-1000)(800-1000)
•Controlled gold-salt Controlled gold-salt
trade routes across trade routes across
West AfricaWest Africa
•High status held by High status held by
womenwomen
•Muslim advisors to the Muslim advisors to the
king spread Islamic king spread Islamic
religion and learningreligion and learning

10. •Camels were valued.Camels were valued.

11. These people These people
called their chief called their chief
ghanaghana, or war , or war
chief. chief.
By the 700s, the By the 700s, the
kingdom of Ghana kingdom of Ghana
was growing rich was growing rich
from taxing from taxing
traders’ goods.traders’ goods.
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12. uGold came from a Gold came from a
forest region forest region
south of the south of the
savanna between savanna between
the Niger and the Niger and
Senegal rivers.Senegal rivers.
uMiners dug gold Miners dug gold
from shafts as from shafts as
deep as 100 feet or deep as 100 feet or
sifted it from fast-sifted it from fast-
moving streams.moving streams.
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13. A.A.Although rich in Although rich in
gold, West gold, West
Africa lacked Africa lacked
salt, which is salt, which is
essential to essential to
human life.human life.
B.B.The Sahara The Sahara
contained contained
deposits of salt.deposits of salt.
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14. uIn the Saharan In the Saharan
village of Taghaza, village of Taghaza,
workers built their workers built their
houses from salt houses from salt
blocks because it blocks because it
was the only was the only
material available.material available.
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15. A.A.Arab traders would cross the desert with salt and Arab traders would cross the desert with salt and
exchanged it for gold in trading cities like Ghana.exchanged it for gold in trading cities like Ghana.
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16. A.A.Only the king had the Only the king had the
right to own gold and right to own gold and
salt.salt.
B.B.The king limited the The king limited the
supply of gold and supply of gold and
salt and kept prices salt and kept prices
from falling.from falling.
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17. u““The king…adorns The king…adorns
himself… wearing himself… wearing
necklaces and necklaces and
bracelets… The court of bracelets… The court of
appeal is held in a appeal is held in a
domed pavilion around domed pavilion around
which stand ten horses which stand ten horses
with gold embroidered with gold embroidered
trappings. Behind the trappings. Behind the
king stand ten pages king stand ten pages
holding gold shields holding gold shields
and swords.”and swords.”

19. Decline of GhanaDecline of Ghana
In 1076, the Muslim In 1076, the Muslim
AlmoravidsAlmoravids of North of North
Africa conquered Africa conquered
Ghana.Ghana.
This badly disrupted This badly disrupted
the gold-salt trade, the gold-salt trade,
and Ghana never and Ghana never
regained its power.regained its power.
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20. 2. Mali2. Mali (1200-1450) (1200-1450)

21. Expanded influence over gold-salt Expanded influence over gold-salt
trade routestrade routes

22. MansaMansa MusaMusa--
The greatest Mali emperor The greatest Mali emperor
He expanded borders to Atlantic OceanHe expanded borders to Atlantic Ocean
He converted Mali to Islam He converted Mali to Islam
He based justice system on the KoranHe based justice system on the Koran
He made a famous hajj to Mecca, formed He made a famous hajj to Mecca, formed
new trade ties and spread news of Mali’s new trade ties and spread news of Mali’s
wealth.wealth.

23. 2. Mansa Musa Expands Mali2. Mansa Musa Expands Mali
Mansa MusaMansa Musa, ,
a Muslim, next a Muslim, next
ruled Mali.ruled Mali.
He was a He was a
skilled military skilled military
leader whose leader whose
100,000 man 100,000 man
army army
protected protected
Mali.Mali.
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The great leader of Mali, Mansa The great leader of Mali, Mansa
Musa in a medieval manuscriptMusa in a medieval manuscript

24. A.A.Under Mansa Musa, Mali expanded to twice its Under Mansa Musa, Mali expanded to twice its
size.size.
B.B.Mali was divided into provinces for more Mali was divided into provinces for more
effective rule.effective rule.

25. 3. Islam and Mali3. Islam and Mali
Mansa Musa Mansa Musa
went on a went on a hajjhajj to to
Mecca from 1324 Mecca from 1324
to 1325.to 1325.
When he When he
returned, he returned, he
ordered the ordered the
building of new building of new
mosques at the mosques at the
trading cities of trading cities of
TimbuktuTimbuktu and and
GaoGao..

26. A.A.Timbuktu Timbuktu
attracted attracted
Muslim judges, Muslim judges,
doctors, doctors,
religious religious
leaders, and leaders, and
scholars from scholars from
far and wide to far and wide to
its mosques its mosques
and and
universities.universities.
B.B.Manuscripts Manuscripts
were brought to were brought to
Timbuktu to be Timbuktu to be
sold.sold.

27. 4. Ibn Battuta4. Ibn Battuta
In 1352, In 1352, Ibn Ibn
Battuta, Battuta, a a
traveler and traveler and
historian, historian,
visited Mali and visited Mali and
was amazed at was amazed at
its lack of crime.its lack of crime.
A devout A devout
Muslim, he Muslim, he
praised Mali for praised Mali for
their study of their study of
the Koran.the Koran.

28. u““They are seldom They are seldom
unjust, and have a unjust, and have a
greater hatred of greater hatred of
injustice than any injustice than any
other people. Their other people. Their
sultan shows no sultan shows no
mercy to anyone mercy to anyone
who is guilty of the who is guilty of the
least act of it. There least act of it. There
is complete security is complete security
in their country. in their country.
Neither traveler nor Neither traveler nor
inhabitant in it has inhabitant in it has
anything to fear anything to fear
from robbers.”from robbers.”

29. A.A.Within 50 years Within 50 years
of Ibn Battuta’s of Ibn Battuta’s
visit, Mali began visit, Mali began
to weaken.to weaken.
B.B.Many leaders Many leaders
did not govern did not govern
well, and the well, and the
gold-salt trade gold-salt trade
shifted as new shifted as new
goldfields were goldfields were
developed.developed.

31. 3. Songhai3. Songhai (1450-1600) (1450-1600)
Largest West African Largest West African
statestate
Controlled key trade Controlled key trade
routes and wealthy routes and wealthy
citiescities
Held traditional Held traditional
religious beliefs religious beliefs
(animism, forces of (animism, forces of
nature) then adopted nature) then adopted
IslamIslam

32. uSet up efficient government and Set up efficient government and
bureaucracy (separate departments) bureaucracy (separate departments)
uTimbuktuTimbuktu-leading center of learning by -leading center of learning by
14001400

33. A.A.Despite its wealth, Despite its wealth,
Songhai lacked Songhai lacked
modern weapons.modern weapons.
B.B.In 1591, a Morrocan In 1591, a Morrocan
fighting force fighting force
equipped with equipped with
gunpowder and gunpowder and
cannons invaded cannons invaded
Songhai. Songhai.
Decline of Songhai Decline of Songhai
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34. Modern AfricaModern Africa

35. Kinshasa,CongoKinshasa,Congo

36. Modern Cairo, Egypt at nightModern Cairo, Egypt at night

37. Hillbrow TowerHillbrow Tower
The The Hillbrow TowerHillbrow Tower is a tall tower located in the suburb of is a tall tower located in the suburb of HillbrowHillbrow in in
JohannesburgJohannesburg, , South AfricaSouth Africa. Construction for the tower began in June 1968 . Construction for the tower began in June 1968
and was completed three years later in April 1971. The tower was constructed and was completed three years later in April 1971. The tower was constructed
for what became for what became TelkomTelkom, South Africa's largest , South Africa's largest telecommunicationstelecommunications company. company.
As the general height of buildings rose in the As the general height of buildings rose in the central business districtcentral business district, it was , it was
necessary that the new telephone tower had to stay above the general height necessary that the new telephone tower had to stay above the general height
of the tallest building.of the tallest building.

38. NairobiNairobi is the is the capitalcapital and largest city of and largest city of KenyaKenya. The city and its . The city and its
surrounding area also forms the surrounding area also forms the Nairobi ProvinceNairobi Province. The name "Nairobi" . The name "Nairobi"
comes from the comes from the MaasaiMaasai phrase phrase Enkare NyirobiEnkare Nyirobi, which translates to "the , which translates to "the
place of cool waters".place of cool waters".

39. Kampala, UgandaKampala, Uganda