Age_in_Identity_16Slides_Font20.pptx age

Age identification in forensic

1. Age in Identity Understanding Age Estimation in Forensic Identification 📷 Sample Image Here

2. Introduction • Age estimation is vital in forensic, medical, and legal identification. • Helps determine growth stage and biological maturity. • Based on physical, dental, and skeletal changes. 📷 Sample Image Here

3. Importance of Age Estimation • Establishes identity of unknown individuals. • Determines legal age in civil and criminal cases. • Helps in anthropology and archaeology. • Used in pediatric and forensic medicine. 📷 Sample Image Here

4. Types of Age 1. Intrauterine (Foetal) Age 2. Chronological Age 3. Biological Age 4. Skeletal or Bone Age 5. Dental Age 6. Adult Age 📷 Sample Image Here

5. Intrauterine Age Estimation • Determined by crown–rump length and foetal weight. • Appearance of ossification centers (femur, humerus). • Measured using ultrasonography or autopsy findings. 📷 Sample Image Here

6. Adult Age Estimation • Estimated after skeletal and dental maturity. • Based on secondary sexual characters and degenerative changes. • Useful in identifying adults in forensic cases. 📷 Sample Image Here

7. Factor 1: Teeth • Deciduous teeth erupt at 6 months. • Permanent teeth complete by 21 years. • In adults: tooth wear, attrition, and secondary dentin form basis for age estimation. 📷 Sample Image Here

8. Factor 2: General Appearance • Skin elasticity decreases; wrinkles appear. • Hair greying, baldness common in older age. • Posture changes; muscle tone reduces. • Useful for broad age estimation. 📷 Sample Image Here

9. Factor 3: Fusion of Ossification Centers • Elbow fusion: 14–16 years. • Wrist fusion: 17–19 years. • Clavicle fusion: 21–25 years. • Skull sutures fuse gradually after 30 years. 📷 Sample Image Here

10. Factor 4: Secondary Sexual Characters • Males: beard, voice change, muscle growth, body hair. • Females: breast development, menstruation, hip widening. • Indicates puberty and post-pubertal stage. 📷 Sample Image Here

11. Other Indicators • Hair pigment and density. • Eye lens transparency. • Bone density reduction. • Posture and gait changes. 📷 Sample Image Here

12. Radiological Methods • X-rays used to assess bone and dental development. • Hand-wrist X-ray common for skeletal maturity. • Clavicle and pelvis radiographs used in adults. 📷 Sample Image Here

13. Degenerative Changes • Bone porosity increases. • Tooth attrition and gum recession. • Vision and joint mobility reduce. • Wrinkles and hair loss occur gradually. 📷 Sample Image Here

14. Factors Affecting Accuracy • Genetic variation. • Nutrition and lifestyle. • Environmental exposure. • Disease and hormonal status. 📷 Sample Image Here

15. Forensic Importance • Identification of unknown individuals. • Determining juvenile or adult status. • Verification in legal, sports, and immigration cases. 📷 Sample Image Here

16. Conclusion • Age estimation integrates dental, skeletal, and physical factors. • Plays a key role in forensic and medical identity. • Requires multidisciplinary and accurate evaluation. 📷 Sample Image Here