AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION

AGENTS OS SOCIALIZATION - HOME SCHOOL

1. Unit – 4 AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION Mrs. Catherene Nithya Asst. Professor Perspectives in Education

2. Agent a person or thing that takes an active role or produces a specified effect.

3. S ocialization the activity of mixing socially with others . the process of learning to behave in a way that is acceptable to society . Connected to developmental psychology Sociology: “It is the process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society .” It encompasses both learning and teaching and is thus "the means by which social and cultural continuity are attained".

4. Definition - Socialization Ogburn “Socialization is the process by which the individual learns to conform to the norms of the group.” Ross “ the development of the ‘we’ feeling in associates and their growth in capacity and will to act together.”

5. Goals of Socialization - Arnett 1.   Impulse control and the development of a conscience 2.   Role preparation and performance 3.   Cultivation of sources of meaning, or what is important, valued, and to be lived for

6. Characteristics Takes place formally & Informally C ontinuous and gradual Process   Product of interaction of the organism and its environment Rapid General to Specific Involves Change Unique & Individualised process

7. Agents of socialization Institutions that can impress social norms upon an individual, include the family, religion, peer groups, economic systems, legal systems, penal systems, language, and the media.

8. Family Primary Agent Most Important Agent “ A family serves to reproduce society biologically, through procreation, and socially, through the socialization of children .”

9. Family Cradle of Social virtues Mini society Transmission belt from society to Individual Informal methods of social control Effect – gender socialization Types of family <-- Influencer

10.  Robert. K. Merton “it is the family which is a major transmission belt for the diffusion of cultural standards to the oncoming generation”.  Intended/Unintended Activities Emotional Manipulation Family

11. PEERS

12. Peers Forces outside the family influences the child more. Able to relate more and better with peers Peer Group: A primary group composed of individuals of roughly equal age and similar social characteristics.  

13. Peers Particularly influential during the pre-teenage and early teenage years  significant influence on psychological and social adjustments

14. Peers ‘Peer Acceptance’  willingly adopt the values and standards of the peer group  shape themselves into the kind of person they think the group wants them to be  Peer Pressure Offer the chance to discuss interests that adults may not share with their children or permit certain things.

15. Peers Become important social referents for teaching members’ customs, social norms, and different ideologies. Serve as a venue for teaching gender roles. Adolescent peer groups provide support as they assimilate into the adult society decreasing dependence on parents increasing feeling of self-sufficiency connecting with a much larger social network.

16. School Mini – Society significant source of gender socialization Artificial Society – Socialization & Cultural Transmission

17. School

18. 3 Main Physiological Perspectives of Socialization → Functionalist Perspective : - Schools socialize children and prepare them for the world - Teaches society’s culture, morals, values, ethics, politics, religious beliefs, habits and norms → Symbolic Interaction: - Focuses on the interactions and outcomes during school - Teacher Expectancy Effect- teacher expects certain students to behave in a certain way → Conflict Theory: - Separates groups based on conflict: race, class, gender

19. Community A group of people living in the same geographic area ( neighborhood , town, or city) under common laws. A group of people sharing fellowship, a friendly association, and common interests.

20. Community Modeling by adults Values and norms instilled in children Enforcement of rules Serving as a context in which children can “try out” behavior and experience consequences

21. Community