agnotology.pptx

medicine

1. Agnotology Dr. Hiwa Omer Ahmed Professor in General and Bariatric surgery University of Sulaimani College of Medicine – Sulaimani city- Kurdistan 1/23/2023 6:15 PM 1

2. Agnotology     Robert N. Proctor, a  Stanford University professor specializing in the history of science and technology,   linguist Iain Boal coined the  neologism ,  on the basis of the Neoclassical Greek word  ἄγνωσις ,  agnōsis , "not knowing " (cf.  Attic Greek   ἄγνωτος "unknown" [5] ), and - λογί α,  - logia . 1/23/2023 6:14 PM 2

3. Agnotology   ( formerly  agnatology ) is the study of culturally induced  doubt ( Ignorance  is a lack of knowledge and  information. Who deliberately ignore or disregard important information or facts, or individuals who are unaware of important information or facts . Ignorance can appear in three different types : Factual ignorance ( absence of knowledge of some fact ) Objectual ignorance ( unacquaintance with some object ) Technical ignorance ( absence of knowledge of how to do something ) ** particularly the publication of inaccurate or misleading scientific data. 1/23/2023 6:14 PM 3

4. Roots of agnotology  These include the influence of the media, either through a. Neglect b. As a result of deliberate misrepresentation c. Deliberate manipulation .  . 1/23/2023 6:14 PM 4

5. 2. Corporations and governmental agencies can contribute to the subject matter studied by agnotology through  Secrecy  نهێنی Suppression of information Document destruction Myriad هێجگار زۆر forms of inherent چه‌سپاو ، خۆرسک Avoidable cultur - o - political selectivity Inattention Forgetfulness 1/23/2023 6:14 PM 5

6. Examples Proctor cites as a prime example of the deliberate production of ignorance the   tobacco industry's advertising campaign to  manufacture doubt  about the cancerous and other health effects of tobacco use. Under the banner of science, the industry produced research about everything except tobacco hazards to exploit public uncertainty. 1/23/2023 6:14 PM 6

7. In his 1999 book  The Erotic Margin , Irvin C. Schick referred 1/23/2023 6:14 PM 7 to   agnotology  "to distinguish it from ignorance, and to denote socially constructed lack of knowledge, that is, a conscious absence of socially pertinent په‌یوه‌ست = knowledge ". As an example, he offered the labeling "terra incognita" in early maps, noting that "The reconstruction of parts of the globe as uncharted نه‌زانراو = territory is ... the  production of unknowledge , the transformation of those parts into potential objects of Western political and economic attention. It is the enabling of colonialism ."

8. Media influence The availability of such large amounts of knowledge in this information age may not necessarily be producing a knowledgeable citizenry . Instead it may be allowing many people to cherry-pick information in blogs or news that reinforces their existing beliefs and to be distracted from new knowledge by repetitive or base entertainments. There is conflicting evidence on how television viewing affects value formation and intelligence. 1/23/2023 6:14 PM 8

9. Cognitronics An emerging new scientific discipline that has connections to agnotology is cognitronics : aims ( a) at explicating the distortions in the perception of the world caused by the information society and globalization . ( b) at coping with these distortions in different fields . 1/23/2023 6:14 PM 9

10. “ A way of seeing is also a way of not seeing—a focus upon object A involves a neglect of object B.” 1/23/2023 6:14 PM 10

11. We rule you, if we can fool you. T he question again being "Why don't we know what we don't know?" The none-too-complex answer in many instances was "because steps have been taken to keep you in the dark !" 1/23/2023 6:14 PM 11

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