agricultural development in the philippines

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1. AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

2. What is AGRICULTURE? Agriculture comes from two latin words ager - the soil cultura – cultivation the systematic raising of useful plants and livestock under the management of man; a purposeful work through which the elements of nature are harnessed to produce plants and animals to meet human needs;

3. The systematic raising of useful plants and livestock under the management of man; It is also an ART, SCIENCE and BUSINESS

4. As a SCIENCE Its science is derived from the adoption or application of the basic sciences of chemistry, mathematics, physics and from various applied sciences like physiology, meteorology, anatomy, plant breeding etc.

5. As an ART It is an art because it requires skills to produce crops even with little or no scientific training; It also needs knowledge in a skillful manner in operating a farm or any agricultural related business Ex. In landscaping, floral arrangement

6. As a BUSINESS Agriculture is the way of life of many people especially those who live in rural areas; Mainly people produces crops not just for family consumption rather to gain profit from it; Also agriculture is the main source of raw materials needed for processing foods, cloth, medicine and many other

7. Why Did Agriculture Start? Many theories on the origin of agriculture presented by Harlan (1992) include the following: Agriculture as a divine gift Agriculture as a discovery Agriculture as a result of stress Agriculture as an extension of gathering

8. Demeter :: Greek Goddess of Agriculture Greek Gods / DemeterSource : https://www.greekmythology.com/Other_Gods/Demeter/demeter.html

9. The Origin of Agriculture Hunters-gatherers

10. Pastural Stage Hunting and fishing are dominant means of gathering foods; They use randomly acquired weapons, gathering wild plants for medicinal use, as well as their source of food; Communities live near bodies of water where they can easily access their food

11. Middle Stone age (8,000 BC) Characterized by: Use of bow and arrow Catching, drying and storage of fish Stored seeds, nuts, and fruits

12. New Stone Age or Neolithic age between 6,000 7,000 BC Discovery of the relation of seed to plant; Domestication of plants and animals; Villages began to grow and man made transition from food collection to the deliberate raising of crops

13. Known as the First Agriculturist; Are the first civilization to domesticate plant and animals, they are considered also as semi-nomadic people; Known to established community on burned land, planting their garden with stored seeds and experimenting with domestication of any suitable local vegetation; Journey as far as America to South East Asia CUSHITES

14. Fertile Crescent An area extending from Mesopotamia (Iraq) across Syria and down the east of the Mediterranean sea to the Nile Valley of Egypt (now called Middle East); Recognized as the “Cradle of Civilization” where most crop is domesticated

15. Aztec Civilization Known for being the last of the GREAT MESOAMERICAN CULTURES before the Europeans arrived; They built impressive temple-pyramids, used sophisticated techniques of agriculture, their eagle warriors built a great empire, and they made HUMAN SACRIFICES TO THEIR GODS ; Dried cacao beans where used as money

16. Mayan Civilization Was a Mesoamerican civilization developed by the Maya peoples, and noted for its LOGOSYLLABIC SCRIPT most sophisticated and highly developed writing system in pre-Columbian Americas cultivation; The staple crops of the Maya diet, including maize, beans, squashes, and chili peppers

17. Aztec Mayan

18. YAM KAAX(Mayan) "Lord of the forest" is a Yukatek Maya name for the god of the wild vegetation and guardian of its animals; He was the guardian of the forest and all the wildlife, and protector of those animals hunted by men , a reason for which during the Maya splendor, a particular ritual took place

19. CENTEOTYL (Aztec) Other Known as " Flower Prince" was the main Aztec god of American corn, known as maize; Centeotl's means “Maize Cob Lord” or “the Dried Ear of the Maize God”

20. INCA Known for creating the largest empire ever seen in the Americas, their impressive agricultural techniques, and their art and architecture which uniquely combined geometrical stonework with the natural landscape

21. INCA They create flat land to farm, since they lived in the mountains by creating terraces; Terraces were carved steps of land in the mountainside; Not only did this genius way of farming help them grow crops, it was also great for irrigation and preventing drought

22. Axomamma The Goddess of Potatoes Considered to be the Goddess of potatoes in Incan mythology; She is a neutral god whose whole responsibility is considered to be to help the Incan people with the cultivation of potatoes that had slowly begun to replace maize as the primary source of nutrition

23. Saturn Was the Roman God of agriculture concerned with the sowing of seeds He is regarded as the father of Jupiter, Ceres, Juno and many others Roman Are involved in crop rotation, manure fertilization, weed control, asexual propagation and post harvest storage Demeter Was the Greek Goddess of agriculture,grain and bread. Greek Devoted to botany, and aided in the transition of scientific agriculture

24. World Agriculture It began over 10,000 years ago; Human discovered the value of wild plants and animals; Domestication of plants and animals; 50% of world’s labor force employed in agriculture; Nations depends on agriculture

25. Pre-colonial period Colonial period Post-war period STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINE AGRICULTURE

26. Pre-Colonial Period Indo-Malayan migrants brought with them wet-rice agriculture, with carabao as a source of animal power for cultivation; This type of agriculture predominated near bodies of water like rivers and lakes

27. No agricultural specialization existed; Pattern of agriculture was chiefly subsistence; Farms were small, and chiefly backyard in coastal and riverbank settlements; Most barangays were self-sufficient; Land was abundant and population was estimated to about 500,000 by the mid-16 th century; Private land ownership did not exist

28. Slash-and-burn or kaingin culture or non-plow farming predominated in other areas; This indicated shifting agriculture rather than sedentary type of rice culture and the tribes were mainly nomadic; Main crops consisted of: rice gabi yams bananas corn millet coconuts

29. Colonial Period This period introduced a non-producing class for which Filipinos produced surpluses, leading to an increase in agricultural production; The development of haciendas allowed for the introduction of technological innovations in production and processing like steam or hydraulic-powered sugar mills; Introduced –to the country the following crops mulberry, cacao, wheat, cucumber Cantaloupe, watermelon, coffee And other varieties of cereals, peas and vegetables

30. Post-War Period Introduction of technological improvements; 50’s campaign for use of modern farm inputs and farm mechanization; 60’s building up of market for tractors and power tillers; Establishment of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI).; Introduction of high yielding rice varieties which was also termed the green revolution; Further development and expansion of international agricultural trading especially coconut and its by-products, tobacco, sugar, pineapple, etc.

31. Crop Agriculture and Land Use in the Philippines Total land area of 30,018,000 hectares; 15.883 million ha or 52.94% classified as public and unclassified forest; 14.117 or 47.06% are alienable and disposable lands; 10,299,000 ha are the physical land devoted to crops;

32. In 1991 the National Land Use Committee of the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) reported that 14.60 million ha or 49% of the total land resources are suitable for agricultural uses; In 2020 the total land area used for agricultural crop cultivation was around 13.42 million hectares, mainly used for cultivating Palay, Corn and Coconut

33. Who is the Filipino Farmers? Typical farmer usually working the land (1ha or less) as tenant, usually rice fields; 70% of the poor in our country are in rural areas, where agriculture and fisheries are the main source of livelihood; A Filipino farmer is typically poor

34. Why Filipino Farmers are poor? Poor productivity growth in agriculture; Under- investment in rural infrastructure; Unequal land and income distribution; High population growth; The low quality of social services; Low prices for the product of their hard work; Natural calamities; Risks associated with unpredictable market demand; Persistence of armed conflict (particularly in Mindanao); Poor educational Background

35. Aspirations of Filipino Farmers Dream to own a piece of land; Aspire for better future for their children; Aims to boost their agricultural production by obtaining high quality agricultural inputs; Dream to have sustainable source of income; Dream of a good quality of life; Dream of having other sources of income

36. But Today… Filipino Farmers Some have their own land, farm; They have access to machineries and modern technologies use in farming; They have access in high yielding seeds, fertilizers, credit facilities, storage and postharvest facilities, irrigations,loans ; Extension and training services; And other programs that both Government and Private institutions offers;

37. 6. Also, many young people are now interested in farming; 7. Agi-tourism, Agri- entrepreneur

38. Philippine Crop Statistics

39. Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) or RA 8435 madated agriculture sector, modernization; principal author - Edgardo J. Angara-DA Secretary; Fidel V. Ramos; On December 22, 1997 , RA 8435, Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997 (AFMA) was signed into law; focuses on: Poverty Alleviation, Social Equity,Food security and global competitiveness;

40. AN ACT PRESCRIBING URGENT RELATED MEASURE TO MODERNIZE THE AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES SECTORS OF THE COUNTRY IN ORDER TO ENHANCE THEIR PROFITABILITY, AND PREPARE SAID SECTORS FOR THE CHALLENGES OF GLOBALIZATON THROUGH AN ADEQUATE, FOCUSED AND RATIONAL DELIVERY OF NECESSARY SUPPORT SERVICES, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFORE AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Long Title of AFMA